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NOV/DEC 86 DSCRATE
a7 ail re a
$3.00 Permit No. 51

They Are Sel/ aeued SS irive hen Pt se XPEDITE DEL!
AMERICA’S LARGEST TIMEX SINCLAIR MAGAZINE

“What's All The
Commotion About?”’

2nd

ANNIVERSARY
ISSUE!"

IT’S HERE!!

QL TRIVIA-QLUE

HERE IS CREAT NEW Poe DuTTO Came!
LIKED OLUE AND TRIVI:

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AND HOW ~ OVER 750 TRIVIA WESTIN

RELIGION - HISTORY ~ SCIENCES - GEOGRAPHY -
YOU'VE NEVER SEEN QUESTIONS LIKE THESE!

Also included, at no extra cost, ir choice of
FOOTBALL FORECASTER or LIFE EXPECTANCY FORECASTER

IF yOu

5
-

or LIFE
(Specify which you would like when you order.)

WE THINK YOULL LIKE THIS ONE!
OUR PRICE? OMLY S19.95 +$2ph

AVATLABLE EXCLUSIVELY FROM:
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CP RUNDESIGN 2068
NEW PROGRAMMING UTILITY FOR YOUR 2068!

This little package allows to design your own
sound effects or musical effects for your prograns
Simply ‘and easily. Completely menu driven, usi
only 3 keys, you can design a sound, print out
prograny progran Line (generated by our
an) and insert it into your progran.

The progran ai let you test out sounds, pchange
volune f pitch close the sound channels
with only 3 keys!

Sound simple? IT IS!
want you to be able to use our utilities, and the
Singer we make then, the easier they are to use and
wore likely you will use and recommend then!

This one it NEW from ARROW SOFTWARE, B conpany ve
hope to hear a lot fron in the nonths ahead

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FOR THE FD68 USER

Emily! A full-featured sector editor for use
with your 2068 and AERCO FD&8 disk systen.
Very user friendly! Many features tee you
would not ehpect at this price!

Sone of the features included ares

READ DISK SECTORS - WRITE SECTORS - CORRECT
DELETE/ERASE. FL = MOWPAE BLOCKS - COPY SCREENS
TRANSLATE IBK CLUSTERS - HSDOS (2 VERSIONS)
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NOV/DEC 86

MAGAZINE

FOR ALL. TIMEX AND
SINCLAIR COMPUTERS

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO.
29722 Hult Rd.e Colton, Oregon 97017
(503) 624-2658

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE is published bi-
monthly and is Copyright © 1986 by the Time
Designs Magazine Company, Colton, Oregon
97017. All rights reserved.

Editor: Tim Woods
Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Editorlal Assistant/Production: DL. Woods

Photography:

(unless otherwise noted): Thomas Judd
Printing by; Toad’! Litho Printing and Comp.
Oregon City, Oregon 97045

SUBSCRIPTIONS: $15 a year for six issues (US
funds only). No extra charge to Canadian
subscribers. All other countries please write for
information on air mai rates.

CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer sat/staction is
our goal. For subscription service problems
please write or call TIME DESIGNS

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Write or call to prevent
delay of sevice,

Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in
part by any means without written permission is
prohibited by law

*NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS are independent
of the TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO, and opinons ex
pressed in the contents of the magazine are notnecessa:
Mose of the management or its advertisers. Time De:
Magazine Co. wilinot be held liable for any damage or conse:
quences resulting from instructions, assertions of fact
review of products or companies provided in the magazine's
content.

GIVEA
GIFT SUBSCRIPTION
TO TIME DESIGNS

* You'll Help Spread Interest in
Sinclair Computers

* We will Supply a FREE CARO

SEND YOUR ORDER BEFORE
DECEMBER 15th
TO INSURE DELIVERY.

VOL. 3 NO. 1

The Folks Who Bring You
TIME DESIGNS

Stephanie Woods
Asi

Tim Woods and Tom
istant Editor Staff Photographer

Michael E. Carver Paul Bingham Mike de Sosa

Joe Williamson Duncan Teague

D. Hutchinson

Wyncoop Stan Lemke Earl V. Dunnington

This being cur 2nd Anniversary Issue and the start
of our 3rd year of publication, I'm going to pass up the
usual column featured here, and introduce you to some
folks responsible for putting out TIME DESIGNS six times
a year. Most of you knew this is a “family” business,
which net only employs both my wife and I, but also
other family members and friends on a part time basis.
TDM really wouldn't be possible without our great
tributors..,.I feel the very best around. Some of them
have been with us since Volume One.
Above you will find photo's of some of these people
who you have read about, but this time you can tie a
picture to a name. It’s all in fun, and at the same time
gives them some deserving recognition. (I've even in-
Cluded my own "mug shot" for what it's worth.) There are
many others who aren't pictured above, who are also
regulars to cur pages, such as: Tim Stoddard, Warren
Fricke, Bill Ferrebee, Charles E. Goyette, Dick Wagner,
Dennis Jurries, Dennis Silvestri, R. Lussier (as well as
several cthers}). We'll have to get them next time.
I lock forward to working with everyone for the
next six issues of TDM, and serving you our readers with
the magazine "written by Sinclair enthusiasts---for
Sinclair enthusiasts". I also want to wish our writers,
ies, as well as our entire readership.

-Tim §

TOM TWO YEAR ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION

Pred

Tim Woods has asked me to reminisce about the early
days of the Timex Sinclair microcomputers. Ah, nostalgia
ime! The good ol’ days...or were they?
fhen you think about it, the "good ol' days" of the
Timex computers only go back to il 1982. That was
when Timex Computer Corporation, a wholly-owned sub-
iary of the Timex Watch Company, announced to a
stunned press that it had made an agreement with Sin:
clair Research Ltd. (England) to preduce and market the
Tex clair 1000, Timex's version
2MGl...and it was going to sell at 1:
ican retail outlets for only
+ Since most stores that sold
t to try to sell
exciting to think about!
But the genesis of the TS 1000

Timex

computers...bet i

goes

somewhat
further back to when "Uncle Clive” Sinclair shocked the

uter world in early 1980 by announcing the first
$200 computer, the ZX80. This was an inmediate hit
in England and came te the U.S., mail-order only, in
late i980. This was followed by the 2X81, which was
actually manufactured in Scotland by Timex. It sold for
$150 asserbled, or $100 in kit form. The 2X81 quickly
became the largest-selling computer in the world.
I got my first ZX81 in early 1982. I ordered a kit

$160, ; nad more assembled units than kits,
for sending me an assembled unit!
y cut my computing teeth on a Radio

I 4k with Level I BASIC, which I had

aded to 16k with Level II BASIC language. I had

written one book for Hayden Publishing ("Programs For

ners On The TRS-80") and many magazine articles, so

the 2X81 was not my first micro...but it quickly got my
on.

It was FUN to proaram the 2X81 in
h was much more powerful than
ASIC. Because there was only 1k of
twas devoted to the screen, there was not much
memory left for a program...making the challenge much
greater. The graphics were limited, but easy to use.

I started writing articles about the 2X81 and the
Timex Sinclair 1000. Since they were identical,
that the TS 1000 had a 2k RAM instead of 1k, everything

I did with the 2X81 worked on the TS1000. Furthermore,
vy adding the 16k RAMpack to a 2X81, it was the same as
a TS 1000 with a RAMpack. In fact, I never did get a TS
time they were available, I had two 2x8ls

Sinclair
the TRS-80 Level I
RAM, and much of

BASIC,

except

nterferer

ed a

a “Remember Back When...”

Blechman

import paperwork, shipping and tariff cost about $25: It
was strange, but gave an acceptable 32-column printout
that duplicated every dot on the screen. To do that on

many of today's micros takes special graphic screen dump
programs!

My first ZX/TS-oriented article was in the Sept/Oct
1982 issue of SYNC Magazine. I subsequently wrote 20

other articles covering the 2X81, TS 1000, TS 1500,
TS 2068, Spectrum, and QL for other magazines...Elec-
tronic Fun, CES Daily, Microcomputing, TODAY (Compu-

Serve), Timex Sinclair User, Computer Shopper, Computers
& Blectronics, Computer Trader and Modern Electronics.
My last "Timex" article was a ?-page hands-on review of
the Sinclair Qu in the June 1985 issue of Modern Elec-
tronics.
Along the way, I wrote the book, "Timex Sinclair
Beginner/Intermediate Guide" for Howard W. Sams. It
is now out of print, but available from the E. Arthur
‘company. They also sell my friend Jeff Mazur's
ex Sinclair 2068 Intermediate/Advanced Guide",
ublished by Sams, which picks up where mine leaves
off, Writing that book was a reat challenge, since I
dign't have a TS 2068 Personal Color Computer! Dan Ross,
man cunning Timex Computer at the time,
arrangement for Jeff and me to each have a
Spectrum, on which the 75 2063 was based. we alsc got
some advance information, but had to make some educated
guesses. Sue Mahoney and George Grimm at Timex were very
helpful...thanks, wherever you are today.

The real irony was that my completed book
script went to the publisher in early August of 1983...
and later that same day Federal Express delivered the
first TS 2068 I had ever seen! Luckily, after checking
out the actual 2068, I only had to change one paragraph
in my manuscript.

As it turned out, the computer had been delayed so
long my book hit the streets before the co
Timex closed down the computer division
months later. What a shame! A great
caught in a web of bad engineering
cisions.

In their defense, Timex management had a host of
coblems with the real value of a "home computer" being
challenged, and price wars created by the competition
forcing profits too low. Add the unreality of trying to
effectively sell a device as complex and unfriendly as a
computer in drug stores, and the stage was set for re-
percussion. Timex was not the only micro manufacturer to
fall on bad times. It just seems, however, that if they
had “hung in there" about another six months, the
superior features of the TS 2068 would have become
known.

What have I done since? Well, I've had
computers in my collection...TRS-80 Medel IIT
those), TRS-80 Model 4P (two of those),
x Shack MC-10 Microcelo

made an
Sinclair

manu-

puter...and
just a few
little computer
and marketing de-

other
(two of
Selec AD,

got an IBM PC/Xx

ster-related mag

abandoned the computer book market. I've personally sold
cover 1000 copies of the Sanyo book, since like the Timex
machines...it has many devoted users.

I hated the Apple IIc, the ADAM was "unspeakable",
but I love the Sanyo! It offers the ease and power of
programming remindful of the TS 2068, but with two
built-in disk drives and 48,000 pixels on the screen
(640 x 200), each in any of eight colors! Wow!

Thank goodness I've got my Amay Emerald Direct
Distributorship to support my computerholic tendency!

Nowak’s Letter Gets Response

Editor's note: Our mact box has been quite full the past
two months due to a Letter and request we published in
the Sept/Oct 186 issue of TOM, on page 3. To paraphrase
Ur, Nowak's Letter, he requested @ short program on
routine that would by-pass the monitor and dump directly
to the printer for doing simple computations, White the
answer appears to be simple, such a the use of the
LPRINT command, here 44 what some of our readers came up
with, And thanks to everyone who took the time to write.

Dear Tim,

In the Sept/Oct 1986 issue Michael J. Kowak asked
for a way to have the 2068 print to the printer instead
of the screen, One simple method, which will work in the
immediate mode or as a program line, is: OPEN #2, “p"
The "#2" part refers to PRINT and LIST commands. The "P"
refers to the 2040 printer ("S" would mean screen in
this syntax). Hence, PRINT or LIST will subsequently go
to the printer instead of the screen. LLIST, LPRINT,
INPUT, and lower screen messages will still appear on
the screen. CLOSE #2 gets things back to normal.

Opening and closing files in this way was not
mentioned in the 2068 User Manua) (more Timex unfinished
business), but it can be a useful feature. Listing #1 is
an example in which channel #4 is used to give a screen
or printer option for the output. I chose #4 because #1,
#2, and #3 are reserved for INPUT, PRINT/LIST, and
LPRINT/LLIST comands, respectively. It's worth ex-
perimenting with!

Sincerely,

Larry Dietrich
Blanca, CO

100 REM EXAMPLE OF DEVICE INDEPENDENT OUTPUT
110 LET GETKEY=1000

120 PRINT “Output to Screen or Printer?
or Pt?

130 GO SUB GETKEY

140 IF I$<>"S" AND I$<>"6" AND 180>"P" AND [8Q>"p" THEN
GO TO 130

150 OPEN #4, 18

200 REM BODY OF PROGRAM
210 FOR L=1 TO 10

220 PRINT #4; TAB (1<10);
230 NEXT L

240 PRINT '"DONE": REN THIS PRINTS TO SCREEN
250 STOP

(Press S

squared =

Lai

1000 REM GETKEY SUB 1 equared = 1

1010 LET IS=INKEYS 2 squared = 4

1020 IF [$="" THEN GO TO 1010 3 squared = 9
2030 RETURN 4 squared = 16
5 squared = 25

6 squared = 36

7 squared = 49

PISTING: 8 squered = 64

9 squered = 61
© squared = 100

LETTERS

TDM TWO YEAR ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION

Also, well over 1000 Amway Product Distributors have
purchased my $100 "AMBIZ-PAK" of 10 programs for the IBM
Pc/Clones, TRS-80 Models III/4/4P/4D, and the Sanyo MBC
550 series.

I'm pretty much out of the Timex environment now,
and will not be writing about the QL. However, I can
well understand the fascination and dedication many of
you hold for the Sinclair and Timex machines. As 1
recall, at one time Timex used ads with the slogan “The
POWER is in your hands!" May the POWER be with you...

To the Editor,

In response to Mr, Nowak's letter in TDM Sept/Oct ‘86
issue--the enclosed program works well on the 2068 and
TS 1000 {using the proper “to the power" symbol). It can
be enhanced by putting in an entry counter with C$ and B
tabbed to other locations and/or reversing the position
of C$ and 8. The base program is: 10 INPUT C
20 PRINT C or LPRINT C
30 GOTO 10
The value of C is calculated and printed (Lprinted) as a

single value. The entry prompted by an cursor is not
printed (Lprinted) and is “lost”.

W.B. Gray Jr.
West Caldwell, NJ

-Eyaluators,
LINES 1,2,3
SSARY

4 LPRINT o

uT Cs
3@ IF Cs="O" THEN GO TO 100
40 LET BsvAL cS
S@ LPRINT CS;TAB 15,
CeRINT

60 Go To 20

188 LPRINT

401 LPRINT “sesasazssessseeress
perresesererg

ig2 Star

To the Editor,

Regarding Mr. Nowak's letter: There is a very
solution to this, but it has two small drawbacks.
turning on the 2068, type in:

POKE 26692,80 : POKE 26697,80 (Enter)

Now everything that would normally go to the screen will
go to the printer. Drawback #1- No program line or im-
mediate command can be entered that is longer than 32
characters (the length of the printer buffer). Longer
program lines can be loaded from tape, before or after
the Poke's, or typed in before the Poke’s, Drawback #2-
with an immediate command like: PRINT 22 (Enter) the
answer (4) will overwrite the "P" fn the word PRINT in
the printer buffer before it is sent to the printer...so
type in: PRINT 2#2 and then hold down the space bar to
fi11 the printer buffer. When the printer starts to
print, press enter and the answer (4) will print on the
next line.

simple
After

Yours Truly,

P. Aylesworth
Bradford, Ontario
Canada

ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE T/S 2068

POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE
FOR ZX81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS

ZX-TEXT

apes
Robe ra0e?

SELECT aN OPTION

BREAD Feorr

an
Bee

BN SUEE BY ENTERING © NUMMER

A word processor is to a computer user
what @ typewriter is to @ typist, except that the
former nas more advantages than the latier
2X-Text can operate in 16-64K RAM providing
from 1300 to 6500 words per document. It
features 6 ditterent options: write, read, edit
print, Save and clear text. Text is written on @
Ber-ine basis with quick speed and with
honzontal Dack-space and delete Capabilities
being available. You can also access the
editor directly from write mode and vice-versa.
Text can be proof-read on a per-line basis
allowing for enough time to determine it any
editing is needed. The text editor allows a line
of text to be deleted, inserted, replaced and
fisted for editing. You may also change a word
oF expression within a line, stop or start text
while it ‘$ scroing up the screen, begin
reading text from the first line of the file, re-
enter write mode from the editor, return to the
main-menu oF create a window so that you
can read-edit two files simultaneously. The
print option takes tex! displayed in 30-column
format on the screen and outputs to either the
ZX/TS printer. (With Memotech’s Centronics
Parallel intertece 80-column and lower/
higher - case output is possible) Files may
be saved on tape cassette with the use of
one single Command, or by the same token they
can be erased from memory / storage so that
the full capacity of the program can be used
for other purposes such as composing letters,
reports, articles. memos, standard torms.
instructions, ads. graphs, telephone
directory, lists of customers, members,
friends .etc. Also copies ot files are always
fess expensive ang easier to run than using
photocopier. Oiner advantages are savings in
time, paper. ink. correcting mistakes and
adding altertnoughts more efficiently than
doing them through either handwriting of
using a typewnter

$16.95

ZX-CALC

An electronic spreadsheet calculator is the
fundamental basic tool for summarising, reporting
and analyzing in matrix form any accounting.
mathematical of scientfic manipulation of num

bers. ZX-Calc operates in 32-64K RAM andattords
‘@ maximum of 3360 characters /spreadsheet. The
entire matrix consists o! 1 Scolumns(letters A-O)
and 30 rows (numbers t -30) with characters /
cell. Unlike other popular ESCs, 2X-Calc uses in
calculations anc wtthin cells al 14 mathtunctions
‘on the 2X-81/TS1000. tt offers a unique “SUM
function that totals one or more rows/columins
simultaneously. Parentnesis can be used within
equations, There is no fixed limit on how many
equations may be entered. Formulas may be
stored in ali 420 cells of the spreadsheet. The
display affords 15 rows/colums. Loading of data
into more than one celican occur across /down
‘one or more row/column simultaneously. With
vertical windowing you can arrange a set of col-
umn in any order, cr practice using fixed-variabie-
alignment display formats. The menu otters 6
options: enter /erase, move, calculate, print. save
and clear ine spreadsheet. Enter /erase allows
the entering, deletion or data alignment within
ell through the use of a mobile cursor. With the
move option you may move around the entire
steadsheet to access any row. column or call
The calculate option allows you toenter labels,
values oF formulas into a cell or write and enter
equations that wilact upontthe data aiready within
the spreadsheet You can also enter bar grapns
into aceliinttis option. Absolute /relativerepiica.

tion, down /acrossa column /row. isalsoallowed
by this option Also this option allows the auto-
‘matic calculation of the entire spreadsheet with
one single command Print atiows youtooutputto
ether the ZX/TS printer the entire spreadsheet by
column-sets and row-pages through use of the
COPY command The entire spreadsheet maybe
Saved on cassette tape or you may clear all data
from it oF erase ine program from RAM entirely.
The most salient advartage provided by an ESC
over specifically vertical applications software's
that an ESC provides areusabie tramework with
which you can compose any specific financial
model rather than just be imitedto only one st
ally fixed format tor storing. displaying and
manipulating numerical data

$16.95

$3.00 SHIPPING AND HANDLING /PROGRAM

ZX-CALENDAR

we": EUAN REED, cancer

QUA 3-2 HOUR
ween egn rer

brestts ty

RE PARTE

Time management is an important aspact of
any serious business and personal agenda.
Planning how to spend our time leaves us better
Prepared before and while we are spending it
‘and we remain better organized after we finish
spending it. 2X-Calendar operates in 16-64K
RAM affording 25 appointments in 16K, 100 in
32K or 180 in 48K and 64K. Each
appointment record holds a maximum of 220
characters. The main menu includes enter,
Search/check/son, change, save, clear and
print any and all appointments made on a
‘specitic date or with any party. Output to either
the ZX/TS printer is permissibie. This program
will permit you to remember to do something or
to be somewhere imporant by cataloging your
‘answers to six questions that you must account
{for in order not to waste time when itis scarce:
when, with whom, at what time, for how long,
where and what are you going to discuss and
conclude when you get together with someone
else? The program lets you permanently
originate, record, classify, search, sort,
calculate, modify, summarize, obtain a written
report and store your answers to the preceding
questions so that you will not forget what you
decide to do with your time, This program
identiies your time according to when you are
going to spend it and with whom you are going
to share i. Through these forms of labeling
appointments you are able to verity or modity
ow your time is budgeted without wasting ink,
paper or more time trying to remember what you
Said to yourselt or what Someone else said to
you or where you placed certain written
‘messages that you now can't find. With this
program you will know where you can find
‘exactly what you need to know about where you
want to and have tobe, or where youhavebeen,
betore you get and after you got there. Thus, ZX-
Calendar wil let you plan your time so that you will
never have to worry about what is ahead or what
came before, for you will always know, by using it
to never be caught astray by any time-frame.

$16.95

A.F.R. SOFTWARE - 1605 Pennsylvania Avenue, No. 204 - Miami Beach, Florida 33139

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME

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FLORIDIANS ADD SALES TAX

Goyette’s “Ski” and “Cavern” A H

Dear Tim,

1 found “SKI (TOM-July/August 86) by Charles €.
Goyette, to be a fantastic game. The only problem was
that the person with the highest score for a game was
not always listed as being the winner. Changing HS to S$
in line 500 seems to correct this."

Sincerely,

Kenneth Fracchia
Buffalo, KY

Dear Time Designs,

I have enjoyed both "CAVERN" and "SKI" by Charles
£. Goyette. They both act and react faster than ny
fingers can manipulate the keys. I did however, make a
slight change in "SKI". I changed the trees that look
Vike "bugs" to trees that look like trees with:
© OATA 1,128,1,128,3,192,3,

2090 2B8TF 2aa°9/14a5a: ia a
This makes a nice pine tree with the addition of color,
“INK 4", in line 1100.

For what it's worth,

Sincerely,

Richard B. McMahi1)
Washington, DC

Mathematics
Dear Sir,

Readers of TDM might be interested in the following
equalities produced by my 2068. Other such relationships
can be obtained by use of the program shown on page 232
of Laurie Buxton's book, “Mathematics For Everyone".

PI - 103993/33102 = 0
EXP 1 - 49171/18089 = 0
SQR 2 - 66922/47321 = 0
SQR_3 - 70226/40545 = 0

SQR 10 - 168717/53353 = 0
+125 - 1/8 = 5.8207661E-11
1.3 - 13/10 = 4,6566129E-10

Sincerely yours,
Howard R. Wilkerson

Greenville, SC

Request for LARKEN Help, etc.

Dear Sir,

1 am writing in the hopes that you may be able to
help me with a few questions. First of all 1 understand
that there is a version of Prologue available for the
Spectrum. I have searched al} present and back issues of
2x Computing, Your Sinclair and Sinclair User that I own
and could find no mention of it. I am hoping that you or
one of your readers might know of the program I am
talking about.

Secondly, I am hoping that someone might be able to
help me with some conversion problems. I am trying to
convert some of the other languages for the TS 2068 and
the Spectrum onto the LARKEN disc drive system. I have
Abersoft FORTH, Hi-Soft C, Hi-Soft Pascal and YS Mega-
basic which I would like to make full compatable with
the Larken system. So far, I have deen able to put the
main Basic loaders and machine code onto disc, but I do
not know how to convert Save-Load routines within each

language to save and load from disc. Perhaps someone has
already solved the problem and could offer me some help.
I thank you for your time and trouble.

Sincerely,
David Sélly

OTSUG Librarian
Ottawa, Ontario

Editon: 1 have found no reference to a "Protogue™ pro-
gram for the Spectrum, but some other "Speccy-phite” may
provide the answer. As for your software conversion
problems with the LARKEN dise drive intergace, <f sounds
Like you may have an eanlien version of the LARKEN DOS.
T have been in contact with Larry Kenny (a.k.a.; Lanken
Electronics) and he mentioned that a new 2068 DOS
available on dise that has improved LOAD/SAVE commands
(supporting Arrays, Basic Code), and a£so FORMAT, CAT,
ERASE and OPEN commands. Larry atso mentioned that he
will begin work on offering the DOS which is Spectrum
compatible) on a cartridge, therefore using no computer
RAM, Hold on to your seat on Lhis one...it wilt have the
AMT save feature. This will altow you to do “snap shot"
saves Like that on the John OLiger Disc Interface. T
would suggest that anyone requiring information on new
LARKEN improvements write to: Lanken Electronics, RAL
Navan, Ontario, Canada K4B-1H9.

“Pigskin Picks”

Dear Tin,

1 am sending my check for another enjoyable year of
‘TOM...the only real connection I have with the TS world,
and 1 always look forvard to receiving ay TOM. I have
enclosed a small football prediction program that I
wrote. The program will average about 65% correct over
the whole season.

I am also wanting to start a Users Group in the
Bee County Area. If I can start one, it will be called
“Bee County Timex Sinclair Users Group"- 6.C.T.S., and
if it is possible I would like to give the members that
don't have computers a 2X81 or TS 1000 for joining. I
would like to hear from other TS users for some input on
this subject.

Sincerely,

Tom Proffitt
706 Morales St.
Beeville, TX 78102

Editon: "Pigskin Picks" was fun, but my team Looked just
as bleak as begore T keyed im your program (better tuck
for me next year, I guess). Hope you get a users group
066 the ground. A gree computer offer is hard to beat.

2 REM “BY: TOM PROFFITT
DATE: 1982
PLACE: BEEVILLE, TEXAS
2 SEN “Pigskin Picks” can als
o be Used for Bastetbalt. It wor
ke best after the fourth gam
Not to be used for gampiing if ¥
ou want to keep your money!
3 BORDER 1. PAPER 1: INK 7:
LS ~ BOKE 23809, 70
49 PRINT TAB 8; "PIGSKIN PICKS”
sebaeeeeesaeeaaaas

enter ist. team “jas
$5 Get ENTER OFeENSE-POINTS
280 INPUT “POINTS-FOR

58 AEN ENTER DEFENSE-POINTS
180 INSUT “POINTS-AGAINST "J
270 INPUT “enter games Played ”

200 INPUT “enter and.team “ifs
255 Ren ENTER OFFENSE-POINTS
290 INPUT "POINTS-FOR "34

30 REN ENTER DEFENSE-POINTS
320 INPUT “POINTS-RGRINST "> 5
350 INPUT “enter games played ”

“460 LET tacre

ok
S00 CERINT as; ”
S20 CPRINT f§)""
$20 LERINT

530 CPRINT

540 GO To 10

INT (tes) v2
DINT (yer 72

CUE

New SPECTRUM Off To Giant Start
American Travelers Abroad Report on PC Show

American Timex
iecy of Curry ¢
lectronics attended the < nal uber
in Olympia, Great Britain, the first weekend of

i Debbie

temse; The well-attended sh mq featured amo other
things, the prenier of the Amstrad/Sinclair Spectrum
128+2. Many thanks go to Mr. Warburton who thoughtfully

picked u

an extra brochure, which is pictured to the
ht, for Time Designs readers. The new Spectrum which
eplaces the previous 12a computer released six months
ago by Sir Clive, offers both a professional full-travel

ard and an integrated cassette recorder. It

also

has on-eoard twin joystick ports that use the
Interface 2 pretocols (non Atari-type}. ©
tradit 1 black Sinclair look, f new arey color.
nat Comm for the most part
1 wt beth Amstrad and Atari
ari section featured many
but all were integrated int
section with corresponding displays and
now that's company support! Meanwhile, Amstrad launched
the new PCLS12Z, an inexpensive IBM Pc clone that is
lready receiving extremely rave reviews from the press.
Watch this one, it is rumored that it is coming to
ware companies in attendance
isplay by BEYOND, which rep-

nterr

program,
Their were many other Spectrum related poo!
ome for the seemingly ill-fated Sinclair
the London-based support group, Quanta.

The cCurry's stated that software hardw
"deals" struck at the PC Show, will greatly benefit
Sinclair consumers in the coming months.

‘All The News Fit To Print’’

The part

ftware
nave a five page bro

(or
titles,
like
lub has now

nn NN3 SAT, Englar
months ago, we reported on the
y of Alexandria, Minneso
publishing ri
elecomminications book
Brown {of Arthur
that the book is in s$ second printing here.
nwall, the author of the hacker's guidebook,
a scheduled appearance in San Francisca, California
Fast Main Street, Peru, IN 46970, for further detail for a lecture at the “Hacker's 2.0 Conference", on the
Be sure and plan now to leave the first weekend in 25 and 26th of October. Mr. Cornwall is a noted in
pen...you won't want to miss the Timex Sinclair “event ternational expert on moden "hackiny For information
cf the year"! and prices on "The Hackers Handbook", write to E. Arthur

dealers who were unable
y coming this time. Most
mate that the Indianapolis Cor

e the attendance t

@s a thousand, now that the word is getting
Interested parties can write to Mr. Davis at:

repected

@ Hacker's Handbook

own at: 3404 Pawnee Dr., Alexandria, MN 56308, or call
(€12) 762-8847.

DUNGEON OF YMIR Version Three is here. The all new
high 1 resolution maze game is available now for the 2X81
er TS 1000 that has both a 16k RAM pack and an &k CMOS
(static) RAM board such as the popular “Hunter NvM"
board. Incidentally, if you have a copy of "Thrust" by
the Weymil Corp.; you are already set up to run Dungeon
Of Ymir V3. Further details on this mega-qame and other
fine products for your ZX/TS, write to: Fred Nachbaur
(silicon Mountain Computers], C-12, Mtn. Stn. Group Box,
Nelson, B.C. VIL 5P1.

improvements on the “tried and true" appears to be
the trend this month, In the May/June 86 issue of TOM, a
program called "Money Machine” was menticned for those
that like word/thinking type games. We said that it re-
sembled the TV game show “Wheel of Fortune". Now, the
author has taken the program step...and we
can now say that MONEY MACH eel of Fortune
clone. This should sell a lot of copies, as the TY show
has gained a tremendous following. A lot of detail has
been incorporated in this 2068 program, ineluding a
Vanna White ("Banna Brite" in the program, to protect
author Herb Rowers from any legal sprite

implications)
that turns the letters. Play is conducted as in the show
to three players can participate. Libraries of
icnal puzzies will be released periodically, but
d keep you and
riends up all night playing this one. Very good
8 and sound, Price is $15 from AE

ire Cir., Chesapeake, VA 23323.

‘ve been impressed with stuff
coming cut of RMG Enterprises Oregon
city, OR 97045) these days. New include
SCUNDESIGN (a utility for easy development of sound

effects in your 2068 programs) and TRAC!

(a machine

code utility for the 2068 that was inspired by a feature
on the Sinclair QL. Interrupts allow the user to witness
the actual execution of BASIC programs, as program lines
ace simultaneously displayed.) RMG also has excellent
prices on disk drives, cases and power supplies, and
many other items for the computer hobbyist. A new
catalog is available for $2 (your $2 is deducted from
your first order...so actually you pay nothing for the
their catalog). Write for a copy.

Pete Fischer and Steve Ishii have put together the
which lists RBS phone
are and: aottvare, and many useful tips
obtain your own copy, write to P.O. Rox 2002, Tempe, AZ
85281.

Have you blown your 2068's SCLD chip? Symptoms in-
clude video display problems, excessive LOAD and SAV
troubles, problems with intecnal clock timing and ke’
board decoding, and others, you may have a faulty ScLp
that needs to be replaced. You could send your 2068 in
for repairs, but you can now (with some difficulty)
replace your own. You may, or may not be aware that the
SCLD is the only chip in your computer that isn't
available commercially. Through the efforts of the
Gapitel Area Timex/Sinclair Users Group (P.O. Box 725,
Bladensburg, MD 20710), which bought a large supply of
from the Timex computer factory in Portugal, you

astom chips. C.A.7.S is offering

x §20 each ppd.

ighted Computers, 707 Highland st., fulton, NY
phone 315~593-8219) has obtained the U.S. rights
to market TOMANAKK, a combination helicopter flight
simulation program and arcade game. Knighted has con-
verted this pepular Spectrum program to the stock Timex
Sinclair 2068. The helicopter is a 0.S. Army AH-G4A
APACHE, and features a 3D cockpit/window display, and
use of beth 2068 joystick ports! Price: $16.95,

Anew ROM resident Monitor/Disassembler is now
available for the Sinclair QL called ROMON. This comes
from Meta Media Productions, 726 West 17th, Vancouver,
B.C., Canada V5Z 1T9. ROMON 1.21 sports a host of fe
tures not usually found in a monitor. These include the
display of Super BAST Functions & Procedures currently

i of Jobs resident including the
i length of the job, the display of
variables and SuperBASIC variables, and
nto the usual monitor functions of
and modification, register display, ect.
is supplied on a ROMcard for the Of ROM port. Less
than 1k of RAM is used for the storage of Monitor Vari-
ables. Write for pricing and further information.

Zebra Systems Inc., has just purchased the entire
stock of the popular SOPTSYNC line of 2068
ng the ZEUS ASSEMBLER, ZEUS MONITOR/
MBLER, Personal Accountant and several games.
‘a is now selling these commercial quality programs
special price in time for the Holidays (stuff your
gs with these!). Consult their catalog or ads
or further details, or write to: 78-06 Jamaica Ave.,
Woodhaven, NY 11421.

TS 2068 °

TOMAHAWK
TOMAMAWE is a real-time flight
siatlation based upon the US ARMY AR-642
APACHE Advanced Atack Helicopter - the
meanest, deadliest combat helicopter
ever to rale the skies! Its specialized
job is to hont tanks and destroy
anythlag that gets in its way. The
Apache vas built specifically to fight
and survive, night and day, in the thick
of the battlefield.
Flying a real helicopter is a demanding
tast, requiring tralaiag and practice -
particalarly ground attack. TOMANAWK
gives you this challenge. Climb into
your cockpit and prepart for
take-off...
PRATURBS: Spectacular 3D real
world display *Pally aerobatic (within
limits of the real helicopter) *Ground
attack & air-to-air interception ‘Over
71000 qround features *Day/Night vision
systems "Cloudy coaditioss, crossvinds &
turbulence *Doppler navigation & target
tracking system Laser guided missiles,
plus rockets & 30mm chaln gan ‘Selection
of tealoing and combat missions
‘Tapressive sound effects *Pilot ratings
- Trainee to Ace "Uses BOTH T5206)
joystict ports!
tea 1212

KNIGHTED

707 Highland Street

$16.95

(315) 593-8219

Software & Peripherals

MICRODRIVE CARTRIDGES
(pk of 4) Item #1158
Micsodive

TRANSFORM BOX - HOLDS 20 CARTGS.

Si2kK RAM
EXPANSION

This 512K card increases the
QL's memory to 640K of Random
Access Memory. With this memory
expansion you can take full
advantage of your QL. our
memory board is equipped with
thru-porting so that you will
still be able to connect a disk
arive interface. This is
another high quality product
from KNIGHTED COMPUTERS.
Item #1069

HARDWARE FOR YOUR QL COMPUTER

QL PRINTER

80 CPS, 9 PIN DOT MATRIX, AND
COMES WITH LQ MODE (LETTER
QUALITY) AND CABLE TO HOOK UP
DIRECTLY TO YOUR QL SERIAL PORT.

Item #1196 $199.00
QL PRINTER RIBBON
Item #1180 § 11.95

VISA

GOMPUTERS

FULTON, NY 13069

$11.95

Item #1205 $ 9.95

$199.95

Sinclair QL’

BEST BUX

DUAL 3"

DISK DRIVES

ONLY

$249.

These top quality dual disk
drive units have their own power
supply and fan built-in, and
very attractively encased. Now,
cut your data storage costs by
more than half. These drives
are single sided, doubie density
drives and format out at 180K
per side - with just two disks,
you'll have data storage capa-
bilities of 720K - and the
convienience of having two
drives available at your
command. INCLUDES: CABLE AND
CONNECTORS AND QL DISK DRIVE
INTERFACE, AND ALL FOUR OF THE
QL PSION PROGRAMS ARE ALREADY
PUT ONTO TWO DISKS FOR YOU.

ITEM@ 1210 $249.95
3" DISKS (for above)

Hard plastic encased top grade
3" disks. Nice sliding metalic
disk protector, and write pro-
tect locks for each side.

ITEM# 1211

(BOX OF 10) ITEM#@ 1212

$ 4.50
$40.25

QL COMPUTER -
With power supply, manual,
dual microdrives, Data-base,
Wordprocessor, Spreadsheet,
and Business Graphics programs

Item #1140 $209.95

MasterCard

Time Designs

GUIDE TO TIME DESIGNS BACK ISSVES

COMPILED BY PAUL BINGHAM

Nov/Dec ‘84 Vol 1, No. 1
TS2050 Modem announced, Spectrum Emulator announced,
U.S.A. GL released, 2068 Tech Manual released,
Recoton Cassettes, “Rise & Fall if Timex Computer
Corp.", 2068 Software Directory, Portable TS

project, BASIC languages, 2068 Music I, 2068 Tasword
It review

Jan/Feb ‘85 Vol 1, No. 2

MT Sprit Printer (TS2080), Comparing Data Base
Services, TS Modems, 2068 MTERM II review, TS1000

& 2068 Screen storage prgrm, 2068 "Ant Attack"
review, ROMSWITCH review, Static Discharge Bracelet,
2068 BREAKing and SAVE, 2068 “Great Game/Graphics
Show" review, 2068 "Compass" compiler review, 2068
“Straits of Hormuz"%"Exec Clue” review

Mar/Apr ‘OS Vol 1, No. 3
Timex & Dave Higginbottom, TS User Group Directory,
2068 Text Entry/recall in M.C., TS1000 DATA/READ,
2068 House Payment prgrm, TS1000 “Easload” & “Super-
tape" reviews, Guidelines on Over-seas Ordering,
2068 Z-LINK I/F review, 2058 OMNI-EMU review, Spctrm

"White Lightning", "Lords of Midnight" & “BRAx«
BLUFF" reviews

May/dun ‘85
User Group Update, Oliger/Kingsley Disk I/F
announced, TS2068 returning via Portugal, TS1000
Intro te Computer Control", 2068 M.C. joystick
routine, 2068 Graphics Problem, TV to Monitor kit,
Tasword II Tips, 2068 Pro/File review, 2068 "Bill's
Coupon Magic” & "Dealer's Den" reviews, Danco’s
Spectrum Wafadrive review

Vol 1, No. 4

guisaug “85 Vol 1, No. 5
Timex Network, Softaid hunger relief, Users Group
Update, 2068 Graphics, 2068 Tic-Tac-Toe prgrm,

TS 1000/2068 Alphabetizer prarm, TS1000 Set RAMTOP,
TS1000 BK upgrade & Bank Switching reviews, Aerco
FD-68 2068 Disk I/F review ker
eview, 2068 "Night Gunner & Spectrum
“Deus ex Machina","Pajamarana” & "Sherlock" reviews

Sept/Oct ‘85 Vol 1, No. 6
Portugal 2068 Update, TS1000/2068 Fablo Pixel-o
HIRES Graphics prorm, TS1000 Adventure in the RAM
Jungle, 151500 Monitor Adaptor, 2068 Zebra Graphics
Tablet review, 2066 Zip Compiler review, Book review
“Minute Manual for Dot Matrix Printers", User Group
Update, Damco Spectrum Emulator, Spectrum “American
Football" review

Nov/Dec ‘85 Vol 2, No. t
U.S. QL reduced to #299, 128K Spectrum released,
Sinclair TV review, User Group Update, 2068 Gazer ‘s
Guide to Halley's Comet, 2068 “Shuttle Designer”
review, TS1000 Adventure in RAM II, TS1000 Interest
prorm, FD-48 Disk I/F review II, Zebra 2068 Disk
Drive review, 2068 Obsticle Run prorm, 2068 ZPRINT~
80 review, 2068 VIEWord/MAIList/FORMail review,
Spectrum D'KTronics Speech Synthesizer review

Jan/Feb ‘85 Vol 2, No. 2
“hy The O17", TS1000 Adventures in RAM III, TS1000
Chroma-Soft review, 2068 Shell Game prorm, Linear
Programming for TS user, 2068 “Turbos” engine prgrm,
Radio Shack Mouse %& Zebra 2060 Graphics Tabi

Time Designs

2068 “lollipops” prorm, Gamesmate fix, Joystick
Wrap Around prgrm, 2068 Labelmaker prorm, Portuguese
Disk Drive for 2068, 2068 Machine Code Tutor review,
2068 OS-64 review, 2068 Rainbow Plus emulator
review, Spectrum "Astronomer" review

Mar/Apr ‘86 Vol 2, No. 3
Programming in GL SuperBASIC, Ot "GraphiOL” review,
"Of Strings and Things" TS1000, 280 Machine Code I,
2068 Tasprint & Aerco printer I/F, 2068 Phone #
prorm, Convert WCZ0S0 Modem to RS-Z52 1/F, How to
connect with BBS, 2068 Burglar Alarm, Hi Res/64 col
utility 2068, Oliger 2068 Disk I/F revien, 2068
review, Top-10 2068/Spectrum prgrms, Mini
amp for Spectrum SW

May/June ‘86 Vol 2, No. 4
Five TS1000 tips, Printer tips, improve Zebra
Graphics Tablet, NEWS: Amstrad Buys Sinclair, TS
Computerfest Report, User Group Update, 640K OL
upgrade, Ql “Ospell" review, TS1000 Consentration
game, TS1000 prgrm chaining T, 280 Mchn Code IT,
2068 Cassette Directory prorm, 2068 header reading
w/ Mchn Code, 2068 Cavern game, Moving an AROS
cartridge to FD-68, Adding a Spectrum/2068 joystick,
More on Oliger Disk I/F, 2068 Pro/File Extentions
review, 2068 "Address Book" review

duly/aug ‘86 vot 2, No. 5
Sinclair Micro Update, Meet the OL Clones,

Time Designs Acquires S.U.M., GL Game reviews:
(Matchpoint, Chess, War in the East, Wanderer,
Squadrons & Hyperdrive), OL "Cosmos" review, TS1000
External Keyboard Buffer, TS1000 Digital Clock,
181000 prarm chaining II, 780 Mchn Code III, 2068
Bankswitching "Missing 253", Embellishing 2068 MTERM
II, 2068 Ultra-Easy Designer Graphics, 2068 “Poly-
Scroll" prgrm, 2068 Video file prarm, Datagen 2068
DATA statement prorm, 2068 Ski game, 2048 Tasword
Werd Count addition, 2068 "MacIntosh" Menu, 2068
Sound Synthesizer review, Spectrum "Saboteur"review,
2068 “Colonize the Universe” review

Sept/Oct Vol 2, No.&

Sir Clive’s Confessions, User Group Update, “Light
Show 2000" 2068 prarm, 2058 Pixel Sketch & Graphics
Editor review, 2068 Timachine Compiler review,
Larken T1000 Disk I/F review, TS1000 Z2x-CALC +
R.F.R.G. review, 2068 Bank switching: more about
missing 253, 2068 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe prorm, QL Peintre
review, OL,% U.S.A. future, Q@ Graphic/CAD Systems
review, 780 Mchn Code IV, 1$1000 Prorm Chaining III,
Upgrading TS1016 RAM to 64K

SOFTWARE IN REVIEW

SMART TEXT TS-2068

‘
Saee
ge re hae

A warm grin began to pass over my face late last
night. In my mind's eye I could see a little light bulb
beginning to glow dimly in the cartoon balloon above my
head.

I was curled up with a good book, uh manual. After
my second reading of this thirty page treatise and three
sessions with the two hour electronic introduction to
the program, the concepts by which it functioned were
finally beginning to fall into place. Iwas becoming a
cursor instead of a curser.

"SMART TEXT TS-2068" is Bill Jones' effort to
create an AppleWorks environment for your TS-2068. The
package includes a text editor and manager integrated
with a small mailing list routine. Other convenient
features are printer formatting for a variety of utili-~
tarian purposes and in a variety of type styles.
The $39.95 price tag makes SMART TEXT one of the more
expensive programs available for the 2068. The pro-
gramming and memory saving tricks alone seem to justify
the cost. In addition to some valuable techniques in
data management, you can also perform some useful tasks
with SMART TEXT.

Of the programming tricks mentioned, three are
significant. The first is the routine that manages text
entry. The character code of the keystroke is checked
for validity. This approach is preferable to use of the
INKEY$ function. It allows, from BASIC, a typing speed
of 100 words per minute, according to the manual. Read
this as you would a mileage claim on a car window
sticker.

SMART TEXT makes extensive use of memory saving
techniques we learned in our TS 1000 days. Two old
standards are employed by SMART TEXT to include within
the software as many functions as possible while still
retaining enough memory for a decent amount of text
storage.

One of these is the use of letter variables to
represent often used numbers, including program line
numbers. "Pseudo Hex" is a term coined by Bill Jones to
refer to his assigning of the variables oo, oa, ob, ect.
to represent the numbers 0, 1, 2, ect. Another memory
saver is the use of logical operators in long single
Program lines to replace the need for many lines to act

on menu choices. Bill calls the technique "Dense Pack
BASIC".
SMART TEXT functions are many, varied, and utili-

tarian. This software appears to have been developed by
a “user”, first for himself, and now for others. There
are so many choices not offered in other word processors
that it will take the new user a good number of hours to
appreciate the alternatives presented by this text
editor and manager.

The first and most basic function is typing. Like
other word processors, SMART TEXT allows you to delete
mistakes and to retype. You can also insert new text be-
tween already typed words. Entire blocks of text can be

deleted and inserted. Additional text can be appended to
the original, and the whole text file can be saved.
Pretty standard stuff.

Unlike other word processors I have seen, SMART
TEXT allows you to print what you have just typed with-
out having to make a lot of decisions about how the
printer should format the output. The text you've en-
tered is quickly printed perfectly centered on the page
in any print style but without any embedded printer
commands.

The secret to this "smart typewriter” mode is the
fact that you have already spent some time explaining to
SMART TEXT the various commands your printer requires to
enable and disable any special modes or pitches.

Program lines must be revised, within the guide-
lines of the Oliger protocol, to set up your printer's
various capabilities. I altered the review copy to re-
flect the pica, elite, condensed, and proportional
pitches available on my Prowriter as well as its bold
print and double width modes.

SMART TEXT automatically calculates the maximum
length of a text line in the selected pitch or mode. It
asks you what length line you want to print. Then it
calculates the correct margins and adjusts accordingly.

One of the reasons my hair is grey is the time I've
spent calculating margins for center printing different
print pitches and widths. Embedded commands that are
counted in some word processors and not counted in
others have driven me to considerable distraction. No
longer.

In addition to printing text centered on the page,
SMART TEXT provides the capabilities of center printing
captions and letter heads, flush left printing of
addresses and salutations for business-like letters, and
automatic formatting and printing of the signature block
of a letter.

Printing form letters to different people is accom-
plished by the integration of a small mailing list.
Twenty-four records can be added, displayed, corrected,
deleted, and saved.

Mailing labels or form feed envelopes can
printed. The mailing list is also used to "personalize"
form letters with the first name of the recipient. A
comma should be appended to the first name field, since
the software does not include it.

In addition to letter formatting, SMART TEXT TS-
2068 assists with the printing of manuscripts, documents
other than letters. The document can be printed with
justified or non-justified right margins, with the first
line of each paragraph indented or with the entire
paragraph in block form, and with entire paragraphs
block indented with properly adjusted margins.

The key to the preparation of manuscripts is the
concept of the paragraph. SMART TEXT is set up to store
discrete paragraphs in separate elements of two string
arrays. It can alternately be organized to store con-

tinuous text in three large strings. When one string is
filled, the text automatically moves into the next con-
secutive string.

Discrete paragraphs are stored in the H$ and I$
arrays. The dimension of the elements in the arrays is
user slected. The maximum is about 850 characters each.
Ideally the text stored in these paragraphs has already
been edited and does not need to be changed.

Continuous text is stored in the A, B, and C
“banks". Any of these banks can be reviewed and edited
via menu selections. The user can selectively copy a
Portion of one of these banks to another string (L$),
called “The Paragraph".

This storage area can be altered or appended fore
and aft. These editing functions can occur even if you
are currently entering new text into the typing buffer
(Us).

Prior to any editing action, any text that may be
currently in the typing buffer is temporarily “set
aside" into and S$ storage area. The text to be edited
is then placed into the typing buffer for viewing or
alteration. When the editing is completed, all the text
is automatically restored to its former position.

When all your text has been edited and ready for
printing, you have a veritable plethora of printing
sequences from which to choose. The text may have been
stored in up to twenty different positions. User alter-
able program lines determine which text is printed and
in which order.

Repeat printing functions take care of the number
of copies and the page formatting. Fifty-four lines are
printed per page, the pages are automatically numbered,

MUSICIAN ROVAL

MUSICIAN ROYAL is one of the most recent programs
released for the 2068. Written by Dr. Oleg D. Jefimenko
and sold by Electret Scientific Company, it proves to be
one of the more comprehensive music programs available.

One of the most useful features of the program is
the ability to transcribe already written music into the
computer and have it play it back to you using the
BEEP command. Even though only one voice is available,
the control over the parameters makes up for it.

The play options allow you to change the key in
which the composition is played, the tempo can be
changed as well as the order in which the song(s) can be
played. The editing features allow you to change any
possible errors.

The tape comes with three programs as well as a
demo program with six compositions already transcribed
and ready to play. The first program is the actual
transcribing program where you are greeted by a screen
that asks you for the name of your compesition and the
number of sharps or flats contained in your selection.
You are then greeted with a musical staff with notes and
their respective pitch (several octaves worth) graph-
ically pictured on the screen. A prompt with several
different menu choices are also displayed. You enter the
notes one at a time adding the inflections (sharp, flat
or natural) as needed. The treble clef is displayed but
you can change it up or down an octave and also the same
can be done with the bass clef.

Next you enter the value of the note for the time
signature (whole, half, quarter note, ect.). At the end
of each measure, you can enter a Q which is an aid when
going back and editing. A duplicate function is also
available when you have two groups of notes that are in
the same order which really saves some typing. Entering
2 allows you to correct your last entry.

With a printer (TS 2040) attached, the information
is printed as it is entered so as to see where you are
and to make it easy when looking for entry errors. once
the transcribing is completed, you have the option of

and form feeds are sent at the appropriate times.
make yourself a cup of coffee.

My Aerco Disk version of SMART TEXT makes excellent
use of those areas of DOS which have been implemented
and works around those that have not. A lengthy tutorial
is included.

The tutorial is filled with bells and whistles that
tended to get on my nerves after a while. A list of the
clever graphics and sounds is provided by. the tutorial
to serve a reference for the use of these techniques in
your own programming.

The tutorial and the software are both tributes to
the fact that the BASIC syntax checker of our Timex
Sinclair computer will not forgive misspellings and
grammatical errors except in "Print" statements. This
untidiness detracts from the cosmetic appearance of the
software, although it does not affect its usefulness.

SMART TEXT is available for cassette users in both
32 column and OS-64 versions. A&J Micro Drive, Aerco
Disk, and Oliger Disk versions are also available.
Aerco, A&J, Tasman, and Oliger printer interfaces are
supported. Specify version.

SMART TEXT is $39.95 and is available from Bill
Jones, Gulf Micro Electronics, 1317 Stratford Ave.,
Panama City, FL 32404. Bill welcomes your comments and
questions. Call him after 6 pm local time at (904) 871-
4513. You'll enjoy the experience.

--Duncan Teague

: RO KMP TZ :
al

Playing, SAVEing, LPRINTing, or editing. You can have it

play as written, or in any order you wish,
vally repeat itself.

The manual is very well written and leads you
through the program carefully. The second chapter is de~
voted to those with very little background in music. It
gives you a crash course in music notation and what all
"all them little symbols mean".

The second program on the tape is called MUSIC BOX
and it allows you to take the music transcribed in
MUSICIAN ROYAL and collect them. Each MUSIC BOX that you
make can hold up to 8 compositions with up to 1500 notes
(total) in the first seven and 1500 notes in the eighth
composition. MUSIC BOX is easily filled by loading in
data saved from MUSICIAN ROYAL. A table of contents
helps you keep track of what is stored already.

MUSIC ALBUM is called the “ultimate program" for
collecting and playing compositions transcribed in
MUSICIAN ROYAL. It can hold up to 2000 notes total in 8
compositions. You have the most control over the tonal-
ity of each composition. You can have the slections play
in any order, control the tempo, and control the dur~
ation of the pauses between compositions.

or contin-

The programs all have certain safeguards built in,
but are all easy to convert to mass storage such as disk
drives. Large printer drivers are also easily added.

All in all, the program is very professionally done
from the packaging to the 75 page manual which comes
with it. I had no problem loading the tape and my order
was delivered within three weeks of placing the order by
letter.

Needless to say, I was disappointed that it only
used the BEEP command. I remember that I was so excited
when I saw the ad and ordered it thinking "Great! A
decent looking SOUND program has finally been written
for the 2068". At least I assumed it used SOUND. Because

SPRITES 2068

Sprites, for those of you unfamiliar with them, are
very simply User Defined Graphics (UDG's) which are
capable of moving about the screen. Aside from movement,
one large difference from regular UDG's is that sprites
are normally larger than a Single character space. A
good example of a sprite, is the ghouls and goblins that
appear on the screen of most arcade games.

SPRITES 2068 is a sprite development and handler
package. Those of you that have the TDM Technical Manual
will note that there is an appendix, number C-5, devoted
to this subject. This program is none other than this
same code.

SPRITES 2068 co-authors Tidwell and Ruegg have "de-
bugged” the Timex sprite package code. This was no small
task as I had tackled this myself and found many "bugs".
They have also enhanced the original package with the
addition of an automatic RAMTOP setter and additional
screen attribute capabilities.

Having the Timex sprite service code is of no use
however, if you cannot interface a program with it.
Therein lies the true value in this package as Tidwell
and Ruegg have prepared a comprehensive manual and a
very nice Basic program to demonstrate the sprite
packages’ abilities. The user manual is clear and easy
to understand. They have assumed you know nothing on the
subject, yet, have not “talked down" to the advanced
programmer.

Authors, Tidwell and Ruegg have included in the
manual, a section on machine code interfacing. This
section is the poorest part of the manual, but if you
can write machine code programs, you will not suffer for
it. They have thoughtfully listed all of the variables
and a memory map, and of course...you already have your
own copy of the Technical Manual to go by.

And as if all of that were not enough, there is
also a very nice UDG development tool included with the
Basic demo program. This could be used alone to aid in
the addition of UDG's to your programs. It allows the
design of each UDG in enlarged format and then displays
the UDG in normal size, as it would appear on your
screen. It will also display a group of UDG's, 8 across
by 8 down, to view your sprite (or a portion of it) as
it will appear.

SPRITES 2068 will allow up to 256 sprites, each one
up to 256 by 256 characters. In practice however, you
will find the constraints of memory size will not allow
for this. The invisible wall, RAMTOP, will not interfere
with your use of sprites, as there is enough memory in
the 2068 for most all the sprites you will want to use.

The smallest sprite possible is one character space
(8 by 8 pixels), due to the use of the UDG's as designed
by Timex. This means that your sprites will require some
thought as you can only use two colors in each character
space. Also, movement of the sprites can appear “blinky”
if there is too much going on in your program.

There are vertical and horizontal screen scrolls in
SPRITES 2068, however, they too use the character space

of this, I think the $20 price tag is a bit steep. It
would be well worth it if it used SOUND with all of the
features it contains. Hopefully Dr. Jefimenko will come
out with a sequel using all four voices.

The program is available from Electret Scientific
Company, PO Box 4132, Star City, WY 26505 for $20. If
you would like a sample of what you can expect, (a nice
courtesy) they will send you the DEMO ALBUM for $3 which
will be subtracted from the $20 if you do decide to
order the whole program.

--Joe Williamson

‘An animated sprite display
from the demo program
of SPRITES 2068.

as the smallest unit of measure. They can be combined to
create a scroll in eight different directions. The
scrolls, as well as the sprites should really be ad-
Gressed on a pixel-by-pixel basis. However, it appears
that Timex never intended us to have that kind of con-
trol from the "normal" video mode.

SPRITES 2068 is a crude sprite package BUT it is
the ONLY one available for the Timex Sinclair 2068. If
you are accustomed to the graphics abilities of other
computers, such as Commodore or Atari machines, you
might be a little disappointed. Keep in mind, however,
that those computers were initially designed to play
games and therefore, have sprite capabilities as part of
their operating systems.

I found SPRITES 2068 to be an excellent “starter”
package. If you want to include sprites in your own
programs, you will find this utility very easy to use. I
would suggest that you do follow the user manual's
suggestion of programming in small blocks, as you must
be very careful to maintain control over what is happen-
ing on the screen. This control is needed due to SPRITES
2068 use of the Attr-P system variables instead of
Attc-T. With some careful planning, you will be amazed
at the results you can accomplish.

‘Tidwell and Ruegg deserve a big hand for their
thorough treatment of sprites. They have taken the Timex
sprite routines and explained them to us in laymans
terms.

Price for the SPRITES 2068 development package on
cassette, complete with a comprehensive 34 page manual,
and an educational (and entertaining) demo program, is
$19 ppd. It is available directly from the authors (Vern
Tidwell- 1303 Whitehead St., Key West, FL 33040 or Ron
Ruegg- 37529 Perkins Road, Prairieville, LA 70769) and
some Timex dealers handle it also.

--Syd Wyncoop
LARKEN

DISK DRIVE py-g 4
Controller Boards for LOGE

Feotures Common to Both

= LDOS on Eprom supports Basic Programs, Code blocks end Arrays
= Commands are-DIRECTORY LOAD,SAVE FORMAT, DELETE end EXIT
= Up to52 files per disk ~ Directory 1s 00S maintained

= Con be mocitied to work on either computer (eprom and cable req)
~ The most Powertul DOS for the ZX-81 : Very User Friendly
= 2068 version is Spectrum Emulator Compatible: Extra commands
= Requires double sided 5:25" drive 60 day money back guarantee
Prices: $9500 (US) for single drive $9900 for 1 or? drives
$400 tor drive cabie (all other cables included)
Include $5.00 shipping Send certified cheque or M10
To ~ LARKEN ELECTRONICS
RR#2 NAVAN ONTARIO.
CANADA Kat 1H0

(specity 2x-61 oF 2068)

KALEIDOSCOPE

A Superior Version of This

Fer vour zxe17Ts

“Ola Standara~

1OCCe Ana 1500

By Zeck xavier Haquer

Many "Kaleidoscope" programs have appeared over the
years. These simple, but fascinating graphics displays
have been adapted to virtually every computer ever
built. The ZxX81/TS family is no exception. Unfortun-
ately, since the Z80 CPU in these machines is (effec—
tively) clocked at only .5 mHZ in SLOW mode, the result
is rather slow and BO-RING. Type in the program Listing
#1 (BASIC prototype), and you'll see what I mean.

Now, let*s take essentially the same program and
weite it in Z80 machine code. For a graphic demonstra-
tion (pun intended) of the speed and compactness of code
+++start by entering a 1 REM line, followed by 172 X's
or other character. (HINT: use FAST mode.) Now enter the
rest of Listing #2 (machine code loader). RUN the pro-
gram, and input the values given in Table #1 (decimal
machine code). Go from left to right, top to bottom.
Take your time, and proof each number before you enter
it,

When you're done, your 1 REM line will look like
sheer nonsense. Don't worry about that: just check it
against the 1 REM in listing #3 to make sure it's the
same. Enter lines 2-6 of Listing #3, overwriting the
loader. Delete lines 7 and 8. SAVE to tape with RUN 5.
The program will auto-run when the save is finished.
WOW! Press BREAK when you're adequately hypnotized.

Line 2 contains the fill characters used for the
display. Change this however you see fit; there is no
limit on length. HINT: use symmetrical characters, like
0, *, =, +, the grey squares, spaces, and their in-
verses.

This will run on 2k machines if you modify the
BASIC portion as shown in listing #4 (2k changes). This
is because this program relies on a fully padded-out
display file.

If you're interested in studying the machine code,
use a disassembler or HOT Z to take a look at the code.
As mentioned, it pretty much follows the structure of
the BASIC prototype, so you should have little trouble
finding your way around. the code from 408Ph to 49B4h
gets pseudo-random numbers in B and C. Next are two ways
©f implementing a modulo function. At 40B5, C is reduced
mod 16 (exact power of 2), and at 40BD B is reduced mod
12 (not a power of two). The CALLs to 40F6, 40FB, 4100,
4105 and 410A correspond with the BASIC GOSUBs to 250,
300, 350, 400 and 1000, respectively. The routine at
410A is a “print at BC" routine which is MUCH faster
than the comparable ROM call to O8F5 followed by RST
10h. It prints the character pointed to by CH_ADD at row
B, column C, NOTE: it does NOT check for Over-range.

The next time some smart-aleck ribs you about your
"slow" ZX/TS, boot this program and watch his jaw sag.
Isn't this fun?

LISTING 3: M/C KALEIDOSCOPE

2 REM }NINKEY$<, RETURN
A487_-ANDI? GOSU5"7MRNDM77LN e<
FAST 27LN we CAT 7eBkl g 77MK" OTEEMR
ND?7ACS TACS TACS TRCS TERS
IF 2URL_LN PLOT RNDLN INKEY$LN
SINKEY§AT VAL LN PLOT RNDLN PINK
EYSLN “INKEYSAT _VAL_LN CLS_RNOLN
NKEYSLN WINKEYSAT LN CLS RNDL
N OPINKEVSLN SINKEYSLN 27:
MP TAN YY RANDY.
DO ZERND7UAL : ACS SACS j ACS SACS
PACS SACS jeAT Th® 7m GOSUB 7-R
ND,ACS STAN
2 REM 8 ice
slow
RAND USR 16514
SAVE "KSCOPE™
RUN

LISTING 1: BASIC Prototype

POKE 16418.6

LET POINT:

LET _POINT

IF POINT>{LEN FS THEN GOTO 3

LET A$=Fs (POINT)
NT (AND#12)
NT (RND#16)

400
4108

1000 PRINT AT ¥,x; AS
2@i0 RETURN

LISTING 2: Machine-code Loader

A REM XXXXXXKMAKAKAMK KH AK HA KK

HK HIKE KKK KKM IKK KKK
KKK SASH L RSLS SISSIES IIS
KAM KKK KKK KH KKH KK HK HHI
HK AK KIN KKK KKH KK KKK KIO,

MMR MRK AX KKK KAN

Fast

FOR A=16514 To 16665

SCROLL

INPUT &

POKE A,B

PRINT A,PEEK A

NEXT A

ey9Meon

TABLE 1: Machine-code Decimal

LISTING 4: 2K Changes

3 SLOY

4 POKE 16415,0
FOR A=0 TO 23
PRINT AT A,52;" “
NEXT A
POKE 16418,2
RAND USA iés14
SAVE “KSCOPESK™
RUN

SPRITES 2068

HHHHHHHHHHEHHHHHHHHHHERERHR
FANTASTIC WEW PROGRAM! Exciting & Educational HERE IT 15!

THE TRACER
A NEW PROGRAMMING UTILITY FOR YOUR 2068!

This iste ckage allows you to SEE WHAT YOUR
PROGRAM I! init Pipa raging beany Telng able to watch the
progran Mee go by at the botton of the screen as the
display continues unaffected (other than the speed)!
CREA NG TOOL! !

You've heard of SPRITES. Explore the subject.
Create Moving Displays and Games. Buy a copy
for your TS-2068, they belong together.

FEATURES:

~ SPRITE SERVICE UTILITY (2520 Bytes IMPROVED
professionally written machine code)

~ SPRITEDRAV Program (Great NEW program makes
drawing a SPRITE both fun and easy)

- Operate from BASIC (Utilizes a Machine Code
Interface. Twelve SPRITE Commands)

- Operate from Machine Language (VERY QUICK
Screen Action! Bonus NCSPRITES program)

- Cassette Tape (Includes demonstrations and
instructions. Menu driven. Fun to watch)

~- Manual (34 pages written in "user friendly”

style for all programmers)

You can see what each command does! What better way to
earn the basics of salts ¥

YOU SET THE SPEED! AS SLOW OR AS FAST AS YOU LIKE!
SIMPLE COMMANDS - ONLY 3 OF THEM!

We think that TRACER i is the best learning and de-

bugging ing tool we've seen! We think that lem will

agree! The working. pre of the progr an is 100% MC and
INTERUPT driven!

Another SUPER product fron S 3K SOFTWARE y the nane
brought you KRUNCHER!€

AT ONLY $14. 95+61.5¢ph
is Oe eh ‘A HUST FOR ALL
YOU HORE THAN THAT IN TIKE ALONE!

Authors INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL Includes Postage H

To ORDER: Send Check or Money Order $19.00 To

TRACER 2068
TS AVAILABLE EXCLUSIVELY FROM

VERN TIDVELL OR RON RUEGG
1303 Whitehead St. 37529 Perkins Road RMG ENTERPRISES
Key West, FL 33040 Prairieville,LA 70769

1419 1/2 7TH STREET ea CITY, OR 77045
HHHHHHAHAAHAHA RHR

sparres

LEMKE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

presents tne ages

SHECKROOK/ BUDGET MasSTER

‘The CRECKBOOR/BUDGET MASTER checkbook databe
@ powerful home or business budget analysis program in one
Compact/lightning Fast program. CBBM was written in BASIC and
compiled with the TIMACHINE Cby Novelsoft) Basic Compiler!

C. W. Associates

419 N. Johnson Street
Ada, Ohio 45810

Program’ Specification:
Database holds @00 checks (withdrawl or deposits)

Check Recall/Review by: Check Nusber, Month, Paid To
Functions: REVIEW, LPRINT, DELETE, SUBTOTAL'¢+ or -)

Budget Analysis: 14 User Defined Catagories + 2
(each category haa 4 aliases)

fasion S Budget to each category (for each month?

Putonatically tallies EXPENDITURES es checks are Filed
INCOME as deposits ere Filed!

Update Feature: change categories at any tine, use the
E comnand to re-catelog chackbeck Files

OUTPUT: Tabular or Graphic format
2010 printer or easy Full size printer mod.

Get the CHECKBOOK/BUDGET MASTER program from LENKE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT Chome of the PIXEL SKETCM and GRAPHICS EDITOR ve.O
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Write or Call:
(419) 634-4874 (6-9pm)

For a practical demonstration of a chained program,
using the Above RAMTOP method of passing data from one
module to another, I have chosen one consisting of three
modules. A module to set RAMTOP ("RT"), a text entry
module ("TE"), and a text LPRINT module ("PRT"). The
program will allow you to enter, store above RAMTOP and
print out a set of lines consisting of 32 characters per

line. The nunber of lines in a set is available as
FolIOWS? cee Ran LINES PER SET
2K 41
16K 499
32K 1001
48k 1513

With a full 64k memory, the 8k area between the ROM and
the system variables area is available and the program
could be modified to store an additional 256 lines per
set.

In addition to the computer, a tape recorder, and a
752040 or equivalent 32 column printer, you will need
two tapes. Optionally, one of these can be a telephone
answering machine message cassette tape--either 60 sec.
(RS #43-406) or 3 min. (RS #43-407)--price: $4.95 each.
These are both endless loop tapes. If you plan on adding
more modules to the program, then purchase the 3. minute
tape. I have not found a supplier for a longer endless
tape.

Figure No.l is the program listing for the "RT"
module that sets RAMTOP to address 17096. Line 1 is set
up to receive a four byte machine code routine to be
POKEd by lines 141 to 144, which are then deleted. Line
10 makes the module self running when the program is re-
corded with the direct command: GOTO 10, Line 20 pre-
vents a TV interupt from occuring during the execution
of the program. Lines 30 and 40 POKE the desired address
cf RAMTOP into the system variable RAMTOP. Lines 50 thru
80 POKE the four addresses under the desired address of
RAMTOP with the decimal values that must normally be
there (except after a GOSUB and before a RETURN) for the
computer to operate properly. Lines 90 and 100 POKE the
system variable ERR_SP with the address in line 80
(i.e.; the addresses of the first item on the new
Machine Stack). Line 110 calls the machine code routine
that is POKEd into the REM statement (Line 1) by lines
141 to 144, Line 120 in conjunction with 140 activates
the actual resetting of RAMTOP to the desired address.
Line 130 automatically loads the next self running
module if the tape is not stopped. Unfortunately, there
is no provision in Sinclair BASIC by which you can
directly address any of the 280 internal registers. You
must resort to machine code and the USR function.
Looking on the left side of page 138 in the TS 1000 or
page 142 in the TS 1500 User Manuals, you will find that

the Z60 assembler language memonic corresponding to the
decimal value 49 in line 141 is 1d sp,NN. This means
load the machine stack pointer registers S and P with
the address represented by the values stored in the next
two addresses (low byte then high byte). In this case
the values 196 and 66 POKEd into addresses 16515 and
16516 by lines 142 and 143. Locating decimal code 20] in
the same appendix, you will find that it stands for ret
(return). In this case, this returns you to the next
line of the BASIC program after the USR function. I hope
you noticed that I did not need to use the word hexa-
decimal until now. Dr. Ian Logan, the leading authority
onthe Sinclair ZX, TS1000/1500, and Spectrum ROM,
states in his book, UNDERSTANDING YOUR 2X81: "The
principal behind Hex coding is once again very simple,
but it takes a very long time to become fluent in its
use, and even programmers of some years experience still
have trouble". Because of the interference with the ex-
isting GOSUB and machine stacks, RAMIOP must be moved
down a minimum of sixty addresses or up a least two
addresses using this routine.

Pigure No.2 is the listing for the text entry
("TE") module. The program is designed to use as little
display as posssible, in order to be able to store more
text. Top Down programming was not used in order to
locate the text entry loop at the front of the program,
adding to the entry speed of text. For the same reason,
some memory saving techniques are not used in some
places of lines 20 through 80. The dimension for T$ and
the value of the variable B, are to be entered by direct
commands prior to recording the program. The STOP in
line 30 is typed using the shifted A key.

Figure No.3 is the listing for the LPRINT module
("PRT"), The programming is fairly straightforward. The
dimension for A$ and the value for the variable B are to
be entered by direct commands before recording the
module,

As each of the modules will fit in 1k of RAM, in
order te save both loading time and tape, set RAMTOP to
17408 before typing in each module. To do this enter:

POKE 14388,0

POKE 16389, 69

NEW
I advise using a regular tape as a master, recording
each module with the normal SAVE command before re-
cording it on an operating tape using the GOTO command.
Those who elected to use an endless tape as their op-
erating must locate the place where the ends of the tape
are spliced with a yellow strip. Never try to rewind an
endless tape. The are designed to operate in one direc-
tion only. Be sure you turn the sprocket in the correct
direction when locating the yellow splice. After lo-
cating the splice, make an audio recording, using the
built-in mic, of one word only, such as "start" or
"one". This will make it easy to locate the splice again
should you need to re-record the program. The three
modules will just fit on a one minute endless tape with-
out much to spare.

Set RAMTOP to 17408 with the commands given above.
Type in the listing of Figure No.l. After checking the
program against the listing, record it on the master
tape using SAVE "RT". Now use the command GOTO 141 which
will poke the machine code into the REM statement.
Delete lines 141 to 144. Record the second version of
the module on the master tape using the SAVE command.
Without rewinding, remove the master tape from the re~
corder, replacing it with the operating tape and re-
cording the module using the command GOTO 10. When the
diagonal LOAD command lines appear on the screen, stop
the tape. Without rewinding, remove the operating tape,
replacing it with the master.

Again set RAMTOP to 17408. Type in the listing of

Figure No.2. Check the program against the listing.
Enter the direct commands:

DIM T$(32)
LET B= (as listed below)

User RAM BR

2K RAM 18409
16K RAM 32745
32K RAM 49129
48K RAM 65513

Record this module on the master tape using SAVE "TE",
then on the operating tape using GOTO 140. When STOP THE
TAPE appears on the screen then stop the tape. Replace
the operating tape with the master tape.

As the TE module does not change RAMTOP, you can
clear the program using NEW. Type in the listing in Fig-

ure No. 3 for the "PRT" module. After checking for
typing errors, enter the direct commands:
DIM AS(1)

LET Be(as listed above).
Those using endless tape, replace REWIND TAPE in line
100 with spaces. Save this module on the master tape
using SAVE "PRI" then on the operating tape using GOTO
10, When STOP TAPE appears on the screen, then stop the
tape.

INPUT TS,
ad
tht
gen 123s
SAVE "RT" PORE
Fast
PORE
PORE
Poke
POE
POKE
BORE
PORE UAL
PORE UAC
RAND USA
GosuB. VAL
Coap Te"
RETURN
POKE 1851¢,49
SOKE 16515, 196
PORE 16815,66
POKE 18817;202

LET A=As
IF as
NEXT N
GOTO 10
BOKE A,

2 PRINT

vat
ORE
vac
val
val
vaL

vAL
ar SIN.

120 PAUSE VAL ”
120 CLS
33 LGRO “PRT”
240 SAVE “TE”
450 PRINT AT SIN

° TAPE”

168 PAUSE VAL
270 PRINT AT SIN

ER TEXT”

180 LET ASsvAL
19@ GOTO VAL

FIGURE NO. 2

32
Stop
POKE A.CODE T#iN)
THEN GoTo

“per

10
35 ANY REY THEN START
2763"

tagee

ayes?”
“ae

FIGURE NO. 2

To operate the program, turn off the computer and
then power up. Those not using endless tape must rewind
the operating tape. Enter the direct command: LOAD "RT".
‘Then start the tape. When the second module has loaded
and STOP TAPE appears on the screen, stop the tape. When
the cursor appears on the screen you can start typing in
text. The left hand quote symbol marks the end of a 32
character line. After checking the text, use the enter
key. Corrections must be made before the enter key is
pressed. Spaces to fill out a line need not be typed.
Any characters over 32 will be dropped. To stop text
entry use the shifted STOP on the A key as the first
entry of the next line. Follow the directions on the
screen to load the LPRINT module. After the text is
printed you have the option of printing another copy or
reloading the text entry module to enter a new set of
text.

In the CONCLUSION of this series, I will cover how
the values for RAMTOP and for the variable B were de-
termined.

40 SAVE “pRT™

2O PRINT AT SIN Pr
p TAPE"

38 PRUSE

THEN GOTO
VAL "ize"
vAL "90"

cis

IF AS="N" THEN GoTo
IF assy"

aL
aL.

"18

Br, 44

IN PT)“
TAPE”

THEN goTO

GOTO_vaAL "40"

PRINT “REWIND TAFE, PRESS
viSfaRt TRPE®
i2e PAUSE UAL “32768”

KE
PI,SIN PI)

240 FOR N=VAL "17097" TO 8B
a5eqiF PEEK N=vAL "227" THEN Go
TO UAL "25%

feo Lepint curs PEEK Nn;

470 NEXT N

480 LPRINT

192 GOTO vAL “40”

FIGURE NO.

PI,SIN PI)"

Understanding And Upgrading
The TS1016 RAM Pack

by Tim Stoddard

This is the second part on
RAM Pack to 64k. Last issue we
outs of dynamic memory and how
works. This issue it's time to
irons!

Take a look at Fig.l. You'll note that the circuit
schematic looks quite similar to the one in the last
issue. There are, hovever, sone significant differances.
The biggest change is the addition of selection logic
(the 7418138, 7418139). Missing is the noisy DC to DC
converter that generated the +12 and -5 volt bias volt-
ages needed by the older 16k DRAMS.

Another more subtle change is the addition of the
active low OR gate in address line 15. This brings up
the unusual architecture used in the ZX/TS machine. The
interupt routines in the Sinclair ROM ASSUME the display
to be under the 32k boundry! So if yrou add enough
memory to extend beyond the 32k boundry and then in-
itialize it, you will lose the display! To get around
thia problem we mist force the memory to “look” like
32k during an interupt cycle. This is done by oring Al5,
the address bit that determines which 32k boundry were
in, and Ml which occurs during an interupt cycle. Un-
fortunately the Ml cycle also occurs during EVERY in-
struction fetch, The effect of this is that you CAN NOT
EXECUTE PROGRAMS ABOVE 32K. However, you CAN store data,
such as a large array above the 32k boundry which is

upgrading your TS 1016
@iscussed the ins and
the Sinclair RAM Pack
warm up the soldering

what most people want the extra memory for anyway...So,
warm up the old soldering iron an let's go.
The conversion is done in two steps and should take

someone with "good" experience a weekend to complete. I

should point out at this time that neither myself not
Time Designs Magazine is responsible for any damages
caused to your RAM Pack or your computer by this modi-
fication. THIS IS NOT A GOOD FIRST OR EVEN A TENTH
PROJECT. You'll need experience in PCB repair and
handling a low power soldering iron. I will assist any-
one having trouble by either BBS communication (Compu
Serve ID 73127,2664; Zebra BBS ID "Tim"), or S.A.S.E.
mail from you (85-48 66th Road, Rego Park, NY 11374). I
would recommend, if your not too confident, that you
purchase a 16k RAM Pack from Zebra Systems or other
source, to modify. They are inexpensive (under $10) and
will allow you to use your 2X/TS while taking a break
from the modifications.

A WORD ABOUT STATIC ELECTRICITY: Very simply, it
can destroy all the work you put into a project in just
a few nano-seconds. Work on an anti-static mat. This can
be a commercial item or a piece of aluminum foil. The
idea is to keep you, the project, and anything that
touches the project at the SAME POTENTIAL. Use an un-
grounded tip type soldering iron.

You'll need the following PARTS:

«8)
io)
a
ree)

4164 or equivalent 64K DRAMS
TAHCT38 or 74LS138
74HCT139 or 7415139

‘74HCTOO or 74LS00

(8) 16 pin IC sockets

2) 1K 1/4 watt resistor

(11) 184148 or 19914 dtotes

You'll need the following TOOLS:

23 watt soldering tron

solder sucker/wick

Small wire cutters (Icelite 73CG te ideal)

small needle nose pliers (icelite 79CG 1s ideal)

30 gauge wire-wrap wire

20-24 gauge solid wire

Dremel moto-tocl with extra-small ball cutter or an Xacto

knife a
Crazy glue ©,

solder mt IN
Anti-static mat a > “4

FIVE VOLT DRAM CONVERSION

1) Dissasemble the case on your anti-static mt. From this point on BE
CAREFULL with the ribbon cable connecting the two PCBs, it te very
easy to break a wire in {t and not even know it ‘till you have
powered up.

2) Remave all componants from the DRAM PCB not marked in Illustration
"a". Start with the small componants firet by using the solder
sucker/wick to remove the solder from the pad and then using the
needle-noce plierc to work the wire loose. TAKE YOUR TIE! hen you
get to the DRAM ICs use this method: take the emall wire cutters
cut all the leads on one side of the IC cloce to the PCB, then bend
the IC up then back & forth to break off the leads on the cther
side of the IC. Now use your colder sucker/wick to remove the
solder and old IC lead from each of the pads. VORK VERY CAREFULLY
HERE. DOX'T LIFT ANY OF THE FOIL PATTERNS. Take a break after each
DRAM removed.....you'll be rewarded with good clean job, and a ram

pack that works! (GRO 1s |

4) Check the DRAM PCB for solder splashes, shorts, etc. At this point 3)
you should only have 6 de-coupling caps and 1 electrolytic cap left (a) re
on the board. @m

5) Install the eight 16 pin sockets in the DRAM locations placing pin 5
1 toward the electrolytic cap. (TD rH

Figure 1: Modified Sinclair RAM Pack Schematic

6) Install Jumper "A" where a cap used to be as shown in Illustration
“a”, This Jumpers one of the multiplexed address lines to ground to
make the ram pack a 16K version. This Jumper will be removed later,
after tecting.

7) Make the 3 cute, and 3 adds as shown in Illustration "B",

@) Carefully install the PCBs onto the computer (leaving them out of
the case), and power up. If #11 is well you should get the usual
"K" cursor in just a few seconds. Check to see if the ram was
Properly initalized by executing the following command: PRINT PEEK
16388 + 256 * PEEK 16389. You should get 32768. If not re-check the
above steps and find where you went wrong?

This completes the $ volt conversion step.

SIXTY FOUR K CONVERSION

cee Po

illustration A: Component Side

1) Your ram pack should be fully operational 16K pack using the 5
volt only €4K DRAMS at this point, DO NOT CONTINUE ON USTIL THIS IS Illustration B: Back Side
TRUE.

2) Perform the cuts and adds as shown in Illustrations "C" & "D",

3) Take the three ICs (74LS138,139,00) and bend all leads horizontal
from the body except the power leads (pins 6,16 for the 7419138, 139
and 7,14 for the 741800), See illustration ""

© Using Crazy glue, and working VERY FAST giue the 7415138, lining up
the power leads on top of IC "A" the 74LS157 on the CONTROL PCB
(the PCB with the connector on it). See Illustration "G" for IC
identification. Next glue the 7415129 lining up the power leads
again to the 7ALS138 just glued on. Finally glue the 741500, lining
up it's pin 14 to the 741S139°s pin 16.

5) Cerefwlly bend back pin 7 on the 741800 (top of IC stack) so that
it touches pin 8 of the 741S139 under it. After ineuring all the

power leads are lined-up and touching, solder them. Check with
Illustration “E". i
coureot PCR _ Bn 3H
Illustration D: adds
6) Using Illustration “FY and 30 gauge wire-wrap wire: Tllustration C: Cuts

19)

12)

ADD WIRE FROX HERE TO HERE

741800, PIN 3 7418138, PIN 3
7418138, PIN 14 7418139, PIN 15
REQ on connector 7418138, PIN 4
7418138, PL 8 748138, PINS
7418138, PIN 16 7415138, PIN 6
Al4 on connector 7418138, PIN 2
A13 on connector 745138, PIN 1

1 on connector
A15 on connector 74LS00, PIN 4

741800, PIN 6 74LS00, PINS 182
A12 on connector 7415139, PIN 13
All on connector 74LS139, PIN 14

Add a prepared diode with the anode soldered to pin 15 of the

7415138. Then add a 30 gauge wire from ROKCS on the connector to
the cathode of this diode,

74LS00, PINS.

Add five prepared diodes with the cathodes soldered to pins
9,10,11,12,8 13 of the 7415138. Then add a NON-PREPARED diode with
the cathode aoldered to pin 7 of the 74LSi38. Bring the diode
around the IC "stack" and line up it's anode with the other 5
diodes. solder all six anodes forming a “buss”. See Illustration
Pe

Next colder a 1X resistor from pin 16 of the 7418138 (+5 volte) to
the "anode buss".

Add diodes in the following table for each of the 2K blocks of 8K
“hidden” area that you want to use.

RAK AREA RANGE CATHODE TO PIN OF 7618130

8192 to 10239 12
10240 to 12287 in
12288 to 14335 10
14356 to 16383 9

Tie the anodes of any of the diodes used above to the
“anode buss".

Ada wire from the "anode bucc" to ping 9 & 10 of the
741800. Then add a wire from pin 8 of the 74LS00 to the pad
shown in Illustration "G" (this pad rune to pin 5 of the
7ALS00 IC "FY on the CONTROL PCB.

Remove Jumper "A" in Illustration "A".

Plug the ram pack onto the computer and power up. If all te well
you should get your "K" cursor. Execute: PRINT PEEK 16388 + 256 *
PEEK 16389. This chould give you 32768. If thie works enter the
following command lines one at a time: (1) POKE 16388, 255 (2) POKE
16289, 255 (3) NEW (4) PRINT PEEK 16388 +256 ¥ PEBK 16989. You
should now get 65535! indicating that the entire ram is now
initalized and ready for use.

reassemble the PCBs back into the cace and re-test as abo
completes the conversion.

This

OPTIONS: You can use the internal RAM socket via
the RAM Pack selection logic. This is where I placed my
2X-LR8 ROM for high speed cassette access. The cuts for
this option are shown in illustration "Cc", and the adds
are shown in Illustration "D". Those cuts and adds just
isolate the RAMCS pin on the connectior from the +5 volt
buss it was normally connected to (the RAM Pack normally
disables the internal 2k RAM). Illustration “F" then
shows where to connect the wire to use the RAMCS pin to
enable the internal RAM socket. Note that you could use
any of the 2k selection blocks from the 7415139 chip.
See the achematic (Fig.1).

‘Another great option is the ability to change the
configuration of the RAM Pack via a DIP switch. On one
of my prototypes, I installed a DIP switch to allow en-
abling or disabling any of the four 2k blocks in the 8k
“hidden area. The best physical location is shown in
Illustration “F". The way I electrically connected it is
shown in the schematic of Fig.2. You could also use the
switch arrangement to enable or disable any ot the 8k
system blocks too. In fact, Pig.2 shows a combination of
switching both the 2k “hidden” blocks and the & system
blocks. After you glue the switch in place, you can cut
a small access hole in the side of the case with the xX-
acto knife so you can change the configuration without
taking apart the case.

‘That's about it. Write and let me know how you made
out. I've also designed from the ground up an expansion
RAM that uses the new 256k RAMS (64k by 4 bit). The en-
tire circuit uses just 9 chips and tal advantage of
the newer DRAM's internal refresh logic. If there is
enough interest, I'l] submit the article to TOM. 18

soupy tm 7, mam Whe

9 ME AST oy

pn srk nos BET weno
Pa er oF ore

Illustration E: IC Stack

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imseune was PES Trmwees,

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Pigure 2: Optional RAM Pack Configuration Switch

ies

Beginning 280

I left the last lesson with a challenge to you to rewrite
the sample disassembly from Lesson 2 to eliminate the overflow
error it contained. If you had difficulty, refer to Lesson 4.
The answer was given in the comparison which explained the ADC
instruction. How many of you thought of rewriting the routine
using the sixteen bit intructions? Did you use LD HL, (pq) and LD
BC, (pq)? Can you see how a short Basic interface (program)
could collect the values and call the MC routine to perform the
addition? I trust some of you are beginning to have some ideas.

We know how to load a register (pair) of memory location
and perform arithmetic with the values loaded. We would, how
ever, find MC of very limited value if these were all it could
do. Most of you are familiar with the Basic commands GOTO and
GOSUB. In truth, it is these instructions that give a program
the pover to do some real work for us.

In MC, the equivalent instructions are referred to as Jumps
and Calls. The syntax for these instructions are given in Chart
5. You will note a new abbreviation, c, which is a test for the
condition (or status) of a flag.

We briefly discussed the Carry flag last lesson.
how the F (flag) register is arranged:

Here is

Bite 765 43 2120
Flag S Z . K . PVN
Where:
S = Sign
2 = Zero
H = Half~Carry
P/V= Parity/Overtiow
N = Subtract
C = Carry
+ = Not used

Sign Fleg — Stores the sign of the lest result. Fleg will
be set for a negative result and reset for a
positive result (aluays reflects the most
Stonifigant bit of the result).
Checks whether last result was zero.
be set if result is zero, else reset.
Note: flag = 1 if result = @. Watch it!
Used internally by CFU to record carry from
bit 3 to bit 4 in registers or bit 11 to bit
12 in register pairs. We will ignore it.
Parity/Overfiow- Has two jobs depending on the instruction
last executed.
Parity is the number of set bits in the result
and ig referred to as odd or even. Flag will
be set if parity is even and reset if odd.
Note: even parity generates an odd flag. Watch
this one, also!
Overflow records a carry from bit 6 into bit 7
which effectively changes the sign of result
in signed arithmetic operations. Flag will be
set for overflow, else reset.
Subtract Flag- Used internally by CPU to record whether
last instruction was addition or subtraction.
Flag will be set if was subtraction operation.
We will ignore this ons, also.
Our old friend records a carry from bit 7 to
bit 8 in registers or bit 15 to bit 16 in
register pairs. Is also used to save the lost
bit in the shift and rotate instructions.

You will note that two bits of the flag register are un-
used. The status of these bits are important and there are no
instructions that affect them.

Each flag can be in one of two states...set or reset (on or
off). A set bit = 1 (on) anda reset bit = 0 (off). This can
become very confusing when using the Zero or Parity/Overflow
flags, as the flag will not be as we expect it. For instance,
the Zero flag = O if the result was not zero. Most of the time,
however, you can use the flags without knowing whether they are
set or not. You need only test their status and jump accord-
ingly.

Zere Flag - Flag will

Hal#-Carry-

Carry Flag~

Machine Code

LESSON FIVE

By Syd Wyncoop

Each flag indicates a specific condition based on
result of the last instruction executed. Chart 6 indicates
the flags are affected by the various instructions. It
important to know how the flags are affected as every
struction does not affect them and many instructions do
affect them as you might expect.

Enough of that, back to the Jump instructions.
struction has two versions, Jump and Jump Relative.
nonics are JP and JR, respectively.

JP is equivalent to Basic's GOTO. JP begins executing the
next instruction at the absolute address you specify as its
argument. A JP 4000n instruction will send the CPU off to
address 4000h to find the next instruction to execute. Your
umps can be conditional...that is, they can test one of the
flags and jump only if the condition is met.

JR requires the introduction of ancther Hex to Decimal con-
version chart, Chart 7. You will note that the first half of
this chart is the same as cur previous Hex to Dec chart (Lesson
1). The last half, however, indicates negative numbers. when
numbers are used in this fashion, they are referred to “signed
numbers”. Signed numbers merely means that the most significant
bit (bit 7) is used to represent the sign of the number. A set
bit (1) is a negative number anda reset bit (0) is positive.

JR also requires a brief discussion of the register pair
PC. PC is a special register pair not normally accessible to us.
It is called the Program Counter and its job is to keep track of
whore the next instruction to execute is located. All Z80
structions are 1,2,3 or 4 bytes in length. The CPU will always
advance PC by the correct number of bytes for the instruction it
is about to execute. The effect of this is to skip any arguments
belonging to the current instruction so as to be in position to
fetch the next instruction.

Any jump instruction causes PC to discard the address it
contains and replace it with the new address, as specified in
the jump instruction. Note, PC will always contain the address
of the next instruction to execute, not the current one.

The JR instruction adjusts the PC by adding the value
specified to the current value of PC. In other words, JR tells
the CPU to Jump to address X, which is Y bytes from where PC is.
¥ can only be in the range of 128 to 127 and xX is the calcu~
lated nev address. In the case of negative values, the program
would jump back to a previous instruction (loops) while positive
numbers would cause the skipping over of the next ¥ bytes.

JR can also be conditional as indicated in Chart 5 and
Giscussed above for JP.

When programming in Basic, it is quite common

Mine such 28? ag GOTO 1osVvAL At+i1000

There is a MC instruction, JP (HL), which emulates this
type of operation. This instruction will jump to the address
held in the HL register pair. This allows a routine to build up
an address from tables or inputs and transfer program control to
that address. We will not discuss this mich further now as it
represents sone pretty advanced progranming.

CALL is our GOSUB equivalent. It acts exactly like BASIC's
cosua. A jump is made to the specified address and a return is
made to the instruction that would have been executed next had
the CALL not been encountered. This is accomplished by saving
the address in PC on the stack (we will explain the stack later)
before making the jurp.

There is a special case of CALL, that does not require an
address to be specified, which is know as RST. RST is read re-
start , and is unique because it is the only instruction that

the
how

is
ine
not

This
The

ine
mne-

to have a

uses an eight bit address. RST calis a subroutine with a one
byte instruction.

Some important points about RST are that it is uncon
ditional and usually computer specific (can not run on another
280 based computer). Being computer specific is due, unfor-
tunately, to there already being instructions at all the RST

addressed, which cannot be changed. This is due to our operating
system being in a ROM type memory. All is not lost though. Since
these are very handy instructions, Sinclair put some of the most

accessed routines there. We will find that we can use some of
the RST instructions, after all.

As with any GOSUB instruction, Calis and RSTs cequire a
return instruction to let the CPU know the routine has finished
its task. The mneronic for return is amazingly enough RET. RET
will perform exactly the operation you would expect it to, and

your returns can be conditional. Conditional returns allow for

RLA, RLCA,
RRA, & RRCA
RL, RUC, RR,

The next instruction is DINZ...vhich is not Greek! DINZ is Rotate accumulator
read "decrement the B register and jump relative if B is not

zero". This is an extremely useful instruction which leads to

Rotate and shift left
RRC, SLA, SRA,

many exit points based on completing certain tasks. There are joltrustiante1t6.9 ae Ht Comments
two special RETs which we will discuss later because they are @bD, adc Tet @ t+! @ bit ada o add
used to return from the interrupts. et ft wearey
We have learned about the flags and how to make jumps and 0 ret @ 1 >: te bit eas
calls based on their status. We now need to explore sone of the ne eo oipeigestesi eeeeerane
ways to set these flags in order for our tests to be mean- BIT Fier @! 1 | Specified bit copied
ingful. One of the ways to do this is directly with the CCF and 08 pt ihate aero the: fag
Seb taster toe Res, &SeT ot =! = 1 =! Ble instructions
: cee tae @ ! =~! Complement carry flag
CCF means Complement the Carry Flag. If Carry was set, it SCF a oro:
will be reset and vice versa. SCF means Set the Carry Flag. The cP, NEG, SUB, f # t pet
Carry f1ag will set by this instruction. ae nee clsiaes: deere Jeane
Another way to affect the flags is with the remainder of Pt tt delet aecremont
the arithmetic instructions (I've been holding out on you bec, & INC = -+ 16 bit decrement and
again}. These are also listed on Chart 5, and can not truely be ea Poa: A Ane reeene,
refferred to as arithmetic instructions, except for CP. CEip rine Se pare reneny Tete”
CP, which means Compare, is a neat and often used in- PD, & CPOR : fff AatHLD, else Z=O;P/Ve1
struction. CP sets all the flags as if a value were subtracted ! 1 Hi t FRR net eon: An Ry
from the Accumlator, but without changing the value of the om eenon We at ality 4s toenideant’ hae
Accumulator! It is important to realize the result of the may Teej AGNI IEAT Bobin oad Ber coat ea dats eeenae
Compare is not stored anywhere, only the flags are affected. IN pe bata ta tt = t Input register direct
CP has two special forms, CPI and CPD, which are read Compare mW -fetepte! OO! Input register indirect
vith Increment, and Goapace with Dectiment.. Cer performa the Mt mp. fo bebo ta ta ts f Block inf out ingtruen
same as a CP (#L) instruction would, except that HL is in- TNIR! INDR™ 1 4 4 gqual to @, else Za
cremented and aC is decremented. The only flag affected is the OTIR, & OTOR area!
P/V flag which is set according to the value of BV. If BC = 0, to: oP Sch Dice; tase Bestanment tnatruct tons
then P/V = 0. tok, econ FP at ta
CPD is the same as CPI except that HL is decremented. The F poe
eftect on the flags is the same. OR, & x0R ° #1810! Coptcal OF accumulator

or right

the B register being used as a counter. DJNZ can be compared to = : ‘ 7
the Basic loop control variable. The equivalent Basic statement Mere Soe Frat. Grecian accor Gina <0 Jr eae sci
would be as follows: 1@ For X= 10 to @ Step -1 acrtsgeest er ee
28 (do job here) 1 = Flag set
30 Next x & S bartey changed according te result

. . Overflow changed according ta result
In order to perform the same operation as DUN2 using any

other register, you would need two instructions:
DEC L
SR NZ, Loop

To use DINZ, you mst properly load the B register. You
can then construct a loop to do whatever task you wish. You can
even reuse the B register in the loop, if you properly preserve
its value first. More on this preservation of values later.

CPL stands for Complement. Each bit of the Accumulator is
altered (complemented). For example: if the Accumulator contains
11011101b, its complemented form would be 001000100.

NEG is the last unexplained instruction on chart 5. NEG
will negate the Accumulator, which means to place the two's
complement of the A register in the Accumulator. if the Accumu-
lator contains 5, it will be negated to -5.

You now have about one third of the Z80 instruction set,
and with the stack instructions next issue (they are certainly
the most used of the instructions). You are now armed with the
tools to write a MC program of your own design. I encourage you
to experiment and see if you get the desired results. I will
reply personally to all enquiries that contain a S.A.S.E., if
you have difficulty (send to- 2107 S.E. 155th St., Portland, OR
97233)

With the next lesson, we will explore printing to the
screen as that will give us some inmediate feedback as to how we
are doing and whether our routine is working. If you have any
information on the display file and/or ROM routines, you should

CHART 7

Signed Numbers--Hex/Dec Conversions
2) stat stat

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The Personal Accountant is a powerful yet purposefully simple
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@ time honored accounting practice known as "Double Posting
Book-keeping” the Personal Accountant will instantly organize all
your financial information.

Open as many accounts as you need, balance your checkbook
instantly, track loans, charge card purchases, expenses and IRA's.
Generate financial reports ranging from trial balances to
profit/loss, expense vs. income and assetts over liabiliti An
amortization table can calculate payments and changing rates,
Generate future value and growth tables. And a built in data base
keeps names, addresses and other vital data at your fingertips.

‘The Personal Accountant is comprehensive yet simple to use
with no codes to memorize and the screen will guide you every
atep of the way.

VOICE CHESS se caessai

The Most advanced chess game available for the Timex/Sinclair
2068 actually talks to you during the game. A digitised voice
speaks through the computer's speaker, advising of its move,
recommending moves for you and making facetious comments.
Voice Chess is written in fast machine code so it responds to
your moves quickly

Features include: analyze mode, recommend move, change colors
or levels at any point in the game, save, reload and print out any
game you play. Displays full Chess board in detail.

GULPMAN Cate $03

‘The cursed wormoids are out to get control of Gulpland,
chasing its inhabitants out of their apple orchards. Eat as many

apples as you can to get bonus points and use your lasers to stun
the wormoids. 15 different mazes.

Ordering Instructions: Include $3.00 S&H. VISA/MC
Accepted.

Zebra Systems, Inc.
78-06 Jamaica Avenue
Woodhaven, NY 11421

(718) 296-2385

Dear Time Designs Reader, = = (i SSNYQViV\iy deli

Zebra Best Sellers

For those who are interested, here is a
short list of our currently best selling
products to check out in our Time
2 Designs ads and on the various pages ‘in
2 our 1986B Catalog.

We are very pleased to bring you our Zebra
Catalog as the centerfold of the
November/December Time Designs Magazine. For
economic reasons the catalogs were printed
previously in one large batch and have become
slighted dated. For that reason we are
supplementing it with several pages of new product
announcements, sales, and a short list of updates.
Particularly exciting are the new bargain
prices we are able to offer on Softsync’s very high
quality software products, and on our TS2068
compatible Trackball controllers. We will continue
to strive to bring you the best support products for
Timex computers and at the best prices.
Please accept our best wishes for the Holiday
season and for a happy and healthy New Year.
Sincerely yours,
Jane, Linda, Jeff, Tom, and Stewart
The Staff of Zebra Systems

TS2068 Trackballs (TD)
Sprites 2068 (TD)
Greeting Card/Banner/Sign Designers (P3)
TS2068 Technical Manual (P1)
Tech Draw Jr.(P2)
OS64 Cartridge (P7)
Mscript (P4)
64K TS1000 RAM PACKS (P13)
Machine Code Test Tool (P15)
Discounted Books (P10-11)
TS2050 Modem Boards (P12)

TS2068
Trackball
Only $19.95

Timex Games $2 Each

With your order for a TS2068 trackball you can purchase any of the
following Timex TS2068 Trackball and Joystick compatible games at
the special low price of $2.00 each for cassettes and $3.00 for

cartridges.
Originally sold for $69.95 CAT# TITLE CAT# TITLE
Specify Cat# TBTMX02 Cassettes at $2.00 each 64014 Hungry Horace
Plugs into TS2068 Joystick Port and 64001 Androids #AC18 Horecs: Gost Seine
* ‘’ A 64002 Penetrator 64019 Horace and the Spiders
works with all joystick software. €4004 Casino I 64021 Blind Alley
Bonus Feature: Also works on Commodore 64, 64005 Crossfire 64023 Crarybugs
VIC-20, ATARI 800, and more. Contact factory 64006 iene Board Scramble Gets, 3 :
7 64007 Dragmaster artridges at 8.00 eac
for more complete list. 4000 Guardian 74001 Androids
You can benefit from our recent purchase of brand new WICO eta Pun Gat 74005 Crasybugs

Trackball Controllers at closeout prices. We've taken the model
WICO originally made for the Texas Instrument 99/4A and made a

very simple modification so it now is fully comp: je with the $5 Off Tech-Draw Jr.

Timex TS2068's joystick port.

WICO is the largest designer and manufacturer of control devices You can save $5.00 on the purchase of Tech-Draw Jr. if you
for commercial arcade video games. If you've ever played an arcade -—-—PuFChase it at the same time as a TS2068 trackball. Instead of the
video game, chances are you've used a WICO joystick or trackball, ¢6ular price of 19.95 you can get it for 14.95. See our catalog for a
You've experienced the superior control. The pinpoint firing complete description of Tech-Draw Jr. and a list of printers that it
accuracy. The exceptional durability. supports. Order Tech-draw Jr. Catalog# C256.

Features: Phoenolic ball offers 360-degree movement. Two optical
encoders provide split-second movement. Quick-action fire button
for smooth, two handed arcade response and feel. Long 5" computer
connection. Heavy duty plastic case for long hard use.

The WICO warranty has been voided by our modification. But we
give you our 15-day money back guarantee and a one-year limited
warranty from Zebra Systems.

CRITICAL MASS Zebra Catalog Updates

An arcade game by Durell.
Distributed by Knighted Computers. Cat#KC12 $15.95

SABOTEUR

A martial arts arcade adventure by Durell, distributed by
Knighted Computers. Cat#KC13 $15.98

~~ MUSICOLA

Great music program for the TS2068.
New low price!

Cat#TEJ1 $9.95.

GRAPHIST

Graphics software from T.E.J. Associates. New low price!
Cat#TEJ2 $9.95

This TS2068 programming utility allows you to design your own
TS2068 sound effects and musical effects and make them a part of
your BASIC programs. Wonderfully simple to use.

Software & RMG. CLONE

Now you can make backup copies of all of the tapes that you
thought were unbreakable. New program from RMG Enterprises
backs up virtually any tape that you can load into the 2068
including spectrum tapes. Includes very well written
documentation package. Cat#RMG2 $9.95

THE KRUNCHER

From RMG , this utility helps you compress your BASIC programs
so that you can squeeze more program into your machine. Works
on TS2068 and Spectrum. Cat#RMG3 $9.95

Used ZX81’s, RAM’s,
etc.

quarantee. Does not include

From Arrow
Cat#RMG1 $14.95

Working ZX81 with Zebra 15 day money back

ny documentation, cables or power

supply. $15.00
Not Working ZX81'a (as is, usually easy to fix) 3 for $25
2X81 Power supplies when purchased with a ZX81 (new) $2.00
Case of 30 new ZX81 power supplies $50 & Shipping.
Video Switch (used, working) $1.00
Cassette Cables or Video Cable (used) $.50 ea.
2X81 Manual (used) $3.00
16K RAM (used, working) $6.00
16K RAM (not working, as is) $2.00

BOOK BARGAINS

Here are some excellent books still in stock but not in our catalog
becouse we only have limited quantities available. We'll only ¢:
phone confirmed orders on these.

Understanding Your 2X81 ROM by Logan ( 35 left) #C105 $5.00
Machine Language Made Simple for TS1000 (21 left) ##C106 $5.00
The Timex Sinclair 2068 Explored by Hartnell (11 left) $5.00

The
corrections to Zebra’s 1986B Catalog.

Page 1 - We de not cary Omnicalc.

Page 5 - The correct cat# for Profile 2068 is TWO2.

Page 6 - The last sentence of the first paragraph is in error.
New A&J TS2068 drives use black, version 1 wafers.

Page 8 -
cartridges are 07-7400 Pinball, 07-7300 Flight Simulator, and for
cassettes 06-1000 Vu-Calc, 06-1001 Vu-File, 03-1002 Vu-3D, and
06-3000 Flight Simulator.

Page 12 - MTERM II Tape is currently priced at $24.95 not

$29.95. MTERM II is not available on cartridge. We no longer
sell Mini Xmod 1.7.

24 78:06 Jar

following are typographical and other

The correct catalog numbers for the following

Page 14 - We are now sold out of 03-3020 Computer Coach,
and 03-3016 Conversational Spanish.
Page 15 - We are now sold out of the following Softsyne

TS1000 software: SSTO2 Advanced Budget Manager, SST18
Mothership.

TS1000 Joystick
Adaptors Plugs into the back of the TS1000 and

allows a

andard Atari compatible joystick to work on the
TS1000. Includes free joystick games tape. Won't work on the
TS1500. This is a closeout. Only 40 left. Cat#C120 $5.00

SPRITES 2068

As you may already know, "sprites" are computer graphic
objects which can be easily and quickly moved around on a
video screen. Hints of how to write sprite software for the
TS2068 are given in Timex’s TS2068 Technical Manual but it
is not really adequately explained.

Now there has been a major breakthrough. After months
of research, two TS2068 dichards: Vernon Tidwell and Ron
Ruegg, have now figured out how to use sprites on the
TS2068. And even more importantly, they have written an
excellent 34 page manual that explains all about it in their
product called SPRITES 2068.

It doesn't matter whether you're a BASIC or machine
language programmer - with the easy interface of the sprite
service utility and the superb manual that explains it, you
will be able to create your own moving sprite graphics. You
may want to create complete games or just experiment and
learn more about computer graphics techniques. In either case
you'll enjoy the ease and the amazing high speed with which
your own graphic creations will move.

SPRITES 2068 consists of the 34 page manual and a
cassette tape. The cassette includes a 2520 byte machine code
sprite service utility, a SPRITEDRAW BASIC program for
defining and moving your own sprites (including twelve sprite
commands), and exciting sprite demonstration programs.

Considering the quality of this product, its excellent
documentation, the fact that there isn't anything else like it
available, and most importantly what it can do for you on
your TS2068, this is beauty of a program, and a bargain at
only $19.00, Be sure to order yours now.
Order Catalog No. tai. SPRITES 2068

ZEBRA SYSTEMS, INC.

‘a Avenue, Woodhaven NY 11421 (718) 296-2385

Only $19.00

A Hearty Thank you

The heading really says it all. I've been quite pleased and
encouraged by your response to Pact 1. This is really turning
into an “interactive series", as I'd hoped, and I want to invite
you to keep writing and calling with your ideas and questions.
your're truly making these articles much better than I could have
Gone alone.

I wish I could have said all this scener, but the publi-
cation delays on my end do get in the way. Ihave to submit my
"stuff" about a month ahead of the publication date. The
result is that I'll be submitting Part 4 about the sane tine you
read this. In the same way, your first responses began to come
just as I submitted Part 2, when it was too late for me to in-
clude a mention of then,

‘So you see, there's no escaping this little nuisance, and
I'll just have to be content in extending a late, but very
sincere thank you.

+. Ane Now, The mesa... *

A number of you deserve much more than just a mention for
the valuable contributions you've provided. Sadly, that's all I
can do. Please don't be insulted if I didn't include you here; I
have to limit this much more than T'd wish.

The first pat on the back goes to Robert Orrfelt, from
Redwood City, CA. He shows that you needn't use my trick to SAVE
the EXROM code to tape; just put your disassembler into RAM, then
type: OU? 25$,128:0UT 244,16. This vill switch the EXROM into
chunk 4, starting at hex 8000. Really clever! If you use a
Spectrum disasserbler, and your emulator is in the cartridge slot
(as I use), this won't work, since it would require enabling Dock
and EXROW chunks simultaneously. Also, if you want to disassemble
in decimal, you can't get the code to start at decimal location
4000. Still, this should be a big timesaver for almost everyone.

For reasons to be seen later, I'd like to thank Bric Jchnson
of Orange City, FL, and fellow SINCUS member Dave Schoenwetter
for making several "dead" SCLOs available to me.

Marty Egan of Herndon, VA has also been busily studying the
EXROM code, and working out Timex's bank switching protocol. I've
spent a great deal of (very pleasant) time with him over the
phone, as we compared out notes. I hope my infor was as helpful
to you as your insights were to me, Marty. I don't just owe you
one...I owe you a million.

Marty has also suggested that I include a cross-reference
between a few of my terms and some of the acronym-like bank
switching nanes that Timex included in a few spots in the Tech

Manual. I chose to try to "expand" these acronyms in this series,
to make the text clearer.

Timex Nane New "Improved Name Used Here

Bt Bank Number Access (register 60)

AON Aavigned Bank # (Ad, in setup moge?

HS Horizontal Select (register 40)

Hor Universal Deselect Byte (A0, in normal mode)

Timex also referred to MSP as HS-prine, but this seemed too reduncant

I avoid acronyms as mich as I can, and was surprised (and
suitably humbled) when Rick Best, from Largo, PL asked if I
couldn't include a glossary of terns in my articles: explanations
cof things like AROS, LROS, SCLD, ect. Well, I'll certainly be
glad to explain them. (It's amazing how we can let acronyms be~
come a part of our vocabulary without even realizing it!)

AROS (Application ROM Oriented Software) and LROS (Language
ROM Oriented Software) are the two types of cartridge programs
that the system can run. T™5.0 tells about these in detail. Note
that AROS and LROS are “nested acronyms": that is, one of their
letters actually stands for another acronym. (A sign that these
things have long since gotten out of hand. I gleefully enjoy
pointing out such verbal perversities.)

The term SCLD probably stands for either Semi Custom Logic
Device, or Standard Cell Logic Device, (both are true) and
usually refers to the specially made “workhorse chip" inside the
TS 2068. It appears that this termwas intended to refer to eny

“The Mystery

of the Missing 253”

Part Three

By Wes Brrorowski

“special” chip to be used in 7S 2068 products, and so I've also
used it to refer to devices that we can only speculate about.

Another reader who's sent a large amount of infomation is
William J. Pederson, owner of the Widjup Co. mtr. Pederson tells
me he has a bank switching system working, which he expects to
incorporate into a product. Note that sone of his bank switching
concepts are VERY different from what we'll be discussing here.
Interested readers may wish to drop him a line to find out what's
available.

Ié you've written me with a request for a reply, please be
patient. I get swamped sometimes, and my time for writing replies
is limited, Between queries on my articles in the newsletter for
the SINCUS user group and now my articles here, (not to mention
actually WRITING the articles) things can get very busy. But I
will get to you just as soon as I can.

@ Bit 'O The Hara sturtr

We talked hardware last time, but some updates may be
useful. You may have noticed that it requires a huge quantity of
‘TTL chips to implement the functions we've described. But there
may be easier ways to do it. Marty Fgan is investigating ways to
persuade a 74LS610 chip to do some of the grunt work, and I might
suggest looking at an AND2901 bit slice chip to do the same.

Further, if we wish to rewrite the READ BS REG and WR_BS REG
routines, as was suggested in Part 1, a really dramatic drop in
parts count seems possible. Since these routines are the only
ones that actually access the bank switching hardware, they can
be changed to control circuitry that's simpler to build. Since we
already have to make massive bug corrections to both ROMs anyway,
changing these two is trivial.

Last time, I said that the RESET signals in ay block dia-
grams were probably not what Timex really intended, and that some
odd “unlock" code was instead intended to disarm some power-on
“lock up" circuitry. I'd mightily appreciate it if you'd forget
I'd ever said this. (Sometimes we lock at a simple problen and
imagine complex solutions. Sorry, gang.) The odd code will be e:
plained later. The reset signal really should be there, but i
probably doesn't go to the backplane's RESET line.

This is because the RESET signal desn‘t go to. pin on the
standard 7S 2068 SCLD either, and so wouldn't reset the standard
Horizontal Select register. If RESET only worked on an expsnsicn
bank, then applying that signal could result in some chunks not
being allocated to any bank. That would hang the machine up, were
it to exclude chunk O.

Were does the signal go, then? A quick look at the sales
literature for the NCR Corporation's standard cell devices (of
which the 2068's SCLD is one) shows that they can include a
power-on-reset circuit right on the chip. I've extracted the
actual silicon chip from a dead SCLD, and sure enough, near one
edge, is the large capacitor needed to perform such a function.
(Well, it LOOKS large, at S00X mag.) The SCLD circuits needed to
control an expansion bank probably would have had the sane
function inside. As such, both TS 2068 and its expansion banks
vould have gotten their Horizontal Select registers reset ONLY at
Power-Up. That way, if an expansion bank were in control of chunk
0, and a RESET occurred, soneone would still be in control.

It turns out that Chapt.5 of the "Z/S 2068 Intermediate/
Advanced Guide" (SAMS) has a tutorial on Extended Bank Switching,
which has useful information. Unfortunately, that chapter was
obviously written before the 2068's design cycle was completed,
and a lot of its information has been rendered incorrect by en-
gineering changes in the machine. it shows the old scheme, with
1/0 porta FC and FD as bank switching controls, making no mention
of the menory mapped I/O scheme we can see in the TS 2068 code.
It also makes no mention of the Universal Deselect Register, and
the bank switching example given sometimes sends data cut in
nybbles, and sometimes as a byte.

Among the more useful gems to be found is the fact that bit
0 of a bank's status byte (bit 0 of register A0, to us) would
have been set to 0, if that bank had cavsed an interrupt. The
“Interrupt Priority", shown in the SYSCON table last time,
affects the final renumbering of the banks. (ifigh priority gives
a low bank nunber.) This means that if we poll each bank to learn
if it caused an interrupt, starting with bank #1 and working up-

ward, we will have automatically first checked the ones that
demand a fast response.

AS a final (and totally unrelated) hardware note, the de-
signer should use caution in designing a Daisychain circuit.
Since the clock signal is generated separately by each bank (as J
shoved it), the Daisychain flip flops aren't really being clocked
synchronously, as is required for a shift register. This type of
situation requires the use of master-slave flip flops, or two
flip flops in a master-slave configuration. This will prevent one
flip flop from changing its data before the next one clocks it
in, If all the banks to be used are on the same circuit board
however, only a single clock signal is needed, and synchronous
operation is possible.

wny Bother?

This is a reasonable question. With considerable circuit
complexity and ROM bugs galore, reconstructing the thing would
first seem like an exercise in self-punishment. There are already
simpler expansion schemes available.

As it turns out, this would be a very bad method if all we
wanted was extra memory. We can now buy RAM cards that plug into
the cartridge slet, and one of the available disk systems can
"switch banks" that overlay one another in the Dock bank. User
group newsletters have published various "RAM in the Dock slot"
methods. (I published one in 1984!) But the level of 2068 soft-
ware being developed today doesn't even make full use of the
machine. Why would we need another way to expand it?

We don't simply need more memory, but we CAN use many of the
undocumented (and presently bug laden) capabilities that are
hidden in the ROM. If you're aware of the stream-and-channels 1/0
system tht the 2068 uses, you understand how it's possible to
LOAD in a “print driver” program that redirects the Basic LPRINT
and LLIST conmands to a large printer. The 2068 tries to expand
on this “Spectrum-based" theme allowing such print drivers, or
any other software for an intelligent I/O device, to be located
permanently in an expansion bank. These programs would take up
NONE of your Home Bank memory and so wouldn't conflict with any-
thing else running there.

But there's no reason for an 1/0 device to completely domi-
nate a bank. While the extra memory space could have been taken

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up by something like an interrupt driven printer buffer, it sould
also have been possible to include extra RAM, or utilities in a
ROM. Purther banks might have contained a disk operating system,
or spiffed-up versions of the 40/64/80 column display utilities
in the Technical Manual. And they could have been made directly
accessable from Basic! No PEEKs, POKEs, or USR calls should have
been needed.

These things just scratch the surface. The point is that the
expansion banks, and some extra BEU circuitry similar in function
to Sinclair's Interface One for the Spectrum, would have easily
extended the TS 2068's repertoire of Basic comands to handle
some very nifty I/O functions, and they'd have been immediately
available when you powered up your machine. We'll begin a dis
cussion of the 2068's 1/0 system and extended commands later on.
until then, keep in mind that this is where the extended bank
switching system would have really made the 2068 shine!

Tekang Car

Of O10 Busineem

Let's first consider Flowchart 2, which describes the BANK.
ENABLE routine in the RAM Resident Code, To use this, we would
first put the bank number in B, and the Horizontal Select byte we
want for the bank in the C register. This will work for the
standard banks and expansion banks both. No one really uses it
for the standard banks at the moment: it's a lot easier to pro-
gram the standard banks directly. As we'll see, that's not the
case if there are any expansion banks in the system.

At 64A2, we check if there are any expansion banks. If there
are, we run some code to deselect the chunks specified from any
expansion bank that might have them, Note that if no expansion
bank has them, this can't hurt, and if we're about to give the
chunks to a bank that already has them, this momentary loss won't
be noticed. At 6487, we check if it's the Dock bank we're
selecting. If s0, we program it directly, and we're done.

If not, we check if we're selecting the EXROM bank. If so,
we pretty much do the same thing, except the code only allows us
to give chunk © to that bank. Remember, that’s the only chunk
originally intended to be used there.

80 (Bank Number Access}, and the the Horizontal Select
mation to register 40. And that's that.

Flowchart 3 is a bit of an embarassment, because it
ences that incorrect "unlock" scheme I asked you to forget.
don't remenber, T hope.) My explanation will correct
lines in it. Since I first thought this routine controlled
special hardware, it was mentioned last time. Unfortunately it
doesn't, and now it would be more appropriate if I first describe
the routine that CALLS it. That's the routine that builds the
SYSCON table.

infor-

refer~
(You
teo errant

Daddy, Where De SYSCONS Come FromT

Well, we're mature enough in our understanding of bank
switching that we know that the stork does NOT bring them! The
high level initialization reutine (Flowchart 1, in Part 1 of this
series) CALLs the routine to build the table. Shown here in Flow-
chart 4, it works as follows.

We start by pointing to the SYSCON table and assuming there
are no expansion banks (we'll update this assumption if and when
we find sone.} We then transfer the 4 LROS bytes into the SYSCON
table. (TM 5.1.1 explains these bytes.) If no LROS is present,
the B AROS overhead bytes are transferred (see T™ 5.1.2). In
either case, if the device wasn't present, its space is marked to
show it inactive. The "bug" described in ™ 6.1.4 can be cor-
rected by having the JR at XOA1A go to XOA1E, if no LROS is
present.

AE XOA3E, we point to the SYSCON space for the first ex-
pansion bank and enter the setup mode. In this mode, anything
weitten to register AO will becone the Assigned Bank Number of
the benk selected by the Daisychain. Also, during the bank in-
itialization, the HL register is alvays supported to point to the
SYSCON location we're working with.

At XOAGC, we CALL routine that tries to install a bank
number, checks to see if it succeeded, and ends the setup mode,
if not. Returning from that routine, if we've run out of banks,
we leave the setup loop to XOAD4, mark the end of the SY:
table, and CALL a routine that RE-ASSIGNS the bank numbers,

If it's not the EXROM bank, then it's either the home bank according to their value in SyScON 17. This is called the In-
or an expansion bank. In either case, it doesn't hurt to try to terrupt Priority.
give it to the hone bank, because an expansion bank will override . ‘ |
this if it has to. We do this at 64EC. The code from 6466 to 6505 (Editor: WoW! Wes, we ran out of space already! And just when it
appears benign, but useless. was getting good. We will all have to hold on to our hats 'til
At 6506, we see if we were selecting the Hore Bank. If so, next issuet)
then we're done, Otherwise, we send the bank number to register
TONE/PHONE 2068? 2. 5. corsn rouseen
No, this is not about modens...this is about using the TS once this is done, a short subroutine like the one in the
2068's sound chip to have a little fun. We leave it to the listing can be written to simlate tone dialing. The example

individual as to how enthusiestic one's fun becomes.

What we plan on doing here is similating the tones produced
by a touch tone type phone. Each button or key on a tone phone
produces two tones when it is pressed. Since the 2068 has three
channels of sound on the sound chip (plus another if you include
the SEEP cormand), we easily have enough equipment to do the job.

In order to find out what tones are used I had to do Some
investigation. Luckily, a friend of mine at the plant where I
work was taking an electronics course, and had a book at home
that contained the information...and so, we're in business.

‘The diagram shows the layout of a standard tone phone key-
pad. To the left of each row of numbers is the frequency for one
of the two tones produced by that nunber key on the phone. At the
bottom of each column is the frequency for the other tone pro-
duced by that key. For example, if you press the “1” key on a
phone it simltaneously produces a tone at a frequency of 697 and
a tone at the frequency of 1209.

what we need to find is the coarse/fine values for the tone
registers of the sound chip. On page 194 of the TS 2068 User
Manval is a short progran just for this purpose. A little
rounding of numbers is required to get the values that come
reasonably close to producing the tones we need.

ress D to dior”
at)
17 10 428

co 10 2880)
yt}: PRINT Br: GO SUB 2668:
(116: 1-962.8203. 0° RETURN
S1S60E 2 RETURN

15s9.251 RETURN
rere’ RETURN
sigs RETURN
15:9005) RETURN

RETURN

+ RETURN
RETURN
RETURN

REIRN

Listing is based on the assumption that it is pact of an address
book type file. In this case, the file is stored in a string
array--d$--whose DiMensions ace something like 75 different files

each 128 characters long {DIM d$(75,128)}. The phone numbers are
stored starting at the 117th character in each file.
Let's review the listing: Line 2850 executes the command to

open the sound chip channels, A and B, and sets up the POR/NEXT
loop for reading the phone number off the file. Lines 2652 and
2855 skip over characters which are not numerals, but are usually
found in phene numbers. Line 2857 figures which line further
below to call based cn the number it is "reading" and calls it
[GO suB 2860+n]. Lines 2860 thru 2869 do the actual execution of
the tones. The last digit of the line number corresponds to the
number of the telephone key which is being simulated. Line 2870
off the tones and gives a proper break (silence) between the
current and next tones. Line 2880 ends the subroutine and RETURNS
you to your mein program.

WARNING: You should not use this on your phone as your 2068
in not FCC approved for use as telepnone dialing equipyent. This
ig merely for simulation and fun. You certainly don't want the
boys from Washington knocking on your door.

Enjoy your Tone/Phone 2068!

por | 1 2 3
778 4 5 6
ese 7 8 9g
cree + @ %

ares | sce | 3477

SIMPLY MUSIC

By s.

10 FEM essasazaesaeetcazszese

Simply music
SD Lemke

Wichita, Ke. 67207

seaaugtecgursesseazacacecssisese

20 PAPER 1: BORDER 11 INK 7: ©
LS 1 PRINT AT 10,75 FLASH 11 "FRE
PARING SCORE": GO SUB 2000

3O LET p=0r LET vb=13: LET ver
132 LET vaet3: LET q=0: GO SUBS.
00

40 LET bino: LET disor LET #1=
°

SO LET peor LET deo: LET £20

60 LET beb-is LET ded-t: LET F
aft

70 IF INKEVe<>"* THEN GO SUD
200

75 IF q THEN FRINT AT 10,155"

76 IF NOT q THEN PRINT AT 10,
isp 2"

77 LET qenot

80 IF b<=0 AND p THEN 28,0

BS IF b¢w0 THEN LET bixbiea:
LET bes(1,3,b1): LET sveve: IF
(4,1,b1)20 THEN LET sv=0

30" 1F g<=0 AND p THEN 39,0

95 IF dc=0 THEN LET dinates:
LET des(2,3,d1)2 LET aveva: IF =
(2,1,41020 THEN LET ano

100" IF #<20 AND p THEN 710,0
305 IF #<=0 THEN LET #ietiet:
LET f2903,3,6194 LET bvevb: IF ®
(3,1, 41920 THEN LET bveo

Li0"IF pirat OR Gi>nz OR #1203,
THEN GO TO 400

12020,51, 1,01) 51,801,2,D19 52,8
(2, 1,01) 53,802, 2,41) 54,8051, 41)
45,8 (3,2, #1938, 8¥5 9, avs 10,0v! GO
10 40

190 REN
200 LET issINKEYS:
N_ RETURN
‘210 IF is:
ET voevaels IF
boo.

220 1F beeran
ET varvael: IF
a0

230 1F ie:
ET verveets IF
so.

280 IF iS="S" OR ase"s" THEN
RINT AT 12,0;"SOPRANO "SAT 12
8;vssAT 12,1312 FOR int TO vse
PRINT PAPER Sy" “ge NEXT i FOR
inves TO 15: PRINT PAPER 13% "3
NENT &

250 IF ise"A" OR A8era" THEN
RINT AT 14,05 "ALTO. mat 14
sOpvasAT 18,3351 FOR int 1D va
PRINT PAPER G2" "g2 NEXT it FOR

Adjust Settings
TF i8=*" THE

“B" OR 4
ve>1S

on ie.
vais

on 46:

vso15 THEN LET v

isva 10 1S: PRINT PAPER 1;" "5
1 UEKT

260 TF i8="B" OR Ag="b" THEN
RINT AT 16,0} "BASE "UAT 16,

G:vbsAT 16,1552 FOR 41 TO vor P
RINT PAPER 2p" *y2 NEXT i: FOR
fevb TO 15: PRINT PAPER 15" "3:
next f

270 IF s#="P* OR ise"p" THEN L
ET p=NOT pr PRINT AT 18,

ing is “1 ("not " AND p)}”

200 RETURN
40028,0;9,03 10,01 PRINT WOsAT 1
12:"Press any Key to Continue.“
PAUSE 01 Go GUA S00: GO TO 40
500 CLS t PRINT AT 3,0; "Simply
Music": PRINT AT &,03t8: LET iss
v8": GO SUB 240: LET is="Ats GO.
SUB 250: LET is="B": GO SUB 260
tO PRINT €T 20,0;"Fress 3 for
SOPRAND, =A for ALTO B for B
ASE, P for PHRASING"

520 PRINT AT 18,05 "ene.
“yCnot " AND p);"Leqata. .
530 PRINT #0; INVERSE 33°
S*ENTER** to Start Song.
540 GO SUB 200: IF iS<>CHRS 13.

THEN GO TO 540

S50 PRINT HO;AT 0,0;TAD 315"
Yaa Sty" "r RETURN

8000 DIN $(3,5, 400) 190,03 1,052,0
434057 56504059405 1005 11,505
1205 12,10

8001 RESTORE 8100: READ t#: READ
Alt FOR i=1 TO nit FOR J=i TOs
2 READ 8(1, 5,492 NEXT Jr NEXT 1

D. Lemke

8002 RESTORE 0110: READ no: FOR
it TO m2: FOR j=1 TO 3: READ s¢
2)5,4 02 NEXT J NEXT 4

8005 RESTORE 8170: READ AS: FOR
fe1 TO n3: FOR j=1 TO 3: READ w(
35,402 NEXT $2 NEXT 4

8004 DATA 0, 192,32, 16, 0,60, 60,2
55,0, 3, 4,8,60, 40, 60,255,

8005 RESTORE G004: FOR i=o TO 15
4 READ br POKE USR “a"¢i,b¢ NEXT
1

8008 RETURN

8098 REN
Canon in D
by Pachebel
8099 REM ‘SOPRANO
8100 DATA * Canon in D

by Pacheb
e1",58,119,1,8,245, 1,8, 190,1,8,8
4,2,8,51,2,8,239,2,8,51,2,8, 245,
1,8, 74,0,8,88,0,8,94,0,8,99,0,8,
112,0,8,125,0,8,112,0,8,99,0,8,7
4,0,8,84, 0,8, 94,0, 8,99, 0,8, 112.0
18, 125, 0,8, 112, 0,8, 99,
8101 DATA 34,0,2,04,0,9;74,0,6,7
9,0,8, 112, 0,8, 125, 0,6, 112,0,6,99
10,8, 74, 0,8, 84,0, 8,94, 0, 8,99, 0,8
311310, 8, 125,0,6, 112,0,0, 99,0
8102’ DATA 74,0,2,84,0,8,94,0,8,9
40,8, 112, 0,5, 125, 0,8, 112,0,8,99
138s 74 9, 8,84, 0,8, 944 0,8597, 08.
7112, 0,8, 125,0,8, 112,0,8,99,0,20
8109" Ren Auto
@110 DATA 126,119, 1,8,245,1,8, 19
0,1,8,04,2,8,51,2,8,259,2,0,51,2
18,245, 1,8, 119,1,8,285,1,8,190,1
39,04,2,6,51,2,4,239,2,8,51,2,¢,
245,1,8,94,0,8,99,0,8,112,0,8,
5.0.8, 141,0,8, 149,0,8,141,0,8, 14
7,0,8
B111 DATA 94,0, 4,125, 0, 4,99,0, 4,
125, 0,4, 112,0,4, 149, 0,4, 125,0,4,
14940, 4,141, 0, 4,188, 0,4, 149,0, 4,
169,0, 4, 141,0, 4, 188, 0, 4, 147,0, 4,
14 25 ay
94,0,2, 149,
0,2,112,0,2, 149,0,2, 125,0,4,
0,4, 112,0, 2,188, 0,2, 181,02, 108,
0,2, 149,0, 4,188, 0,4, 112,0,2, 188,
0,2, 141,0, 2,188, 0,2, 167,0,4, 141,
oa

SIMPLY MUSIC is an all Basic program

SOUND chain

be selected as Le

1s of the TS 2068 to create music. Each “wice" c:
be adjusted before and while the misic is
music 18 intervpted while the adjustment is made

8112 DATA 74,0,2,125,0,2,94,0,2,

125, 0,2, 84,0, 2, 125, 0,2, 99,0,2,12

5, 0,2,94, 0,2, 149,0,2, 112, 0,2, 149

9952, 99,0, 2, 149,0, 2, 125,0,2, 149,

0,2, 112, 0,2, 188,0,2, 141,0,2, 189,
149)

0,2, 125, 0,2, 188,0,: +
0,2; 112, 0,2, 188,0, 2, 141,0,
0,2, 99,0, 2,167,0,2, 125,0,2, 141,0

2
B113 DATA 94,0,2,125,0,2,94,0,2,
125, 0, 2,99,0, 2, 125, 0,2, 99,0,2,12
5,012:112,0,2, 349, 0,2, 112,0, 2,14
125, 0,2, 149, 0,2, 125,0, 2,14

25 141, 0,2, 168, 0,2, 141,0,2, 18
+ Zs 18%, 0,2, 183, 0,2,149,0,2, 18
12, 141,0,2,165,0,2,141,0,2, 18
125, 0,2, 167,0,2,125,0,

ary

BASE
20 DATA 5b, 119, 1,8,245. 1.8, 190
1,5,64,2,8,51,2,8,239,2,8,51,2,
24%, 4, 148,190, 1,

239,2.8,51,2.8,2
48, 1,8, 119, 1,8, 245, 1,8, 190,1,8,8
4,2,8,51,2,8,239,2,8,51,2,8,245,
1,0)

9
9,
8.
e,
a,
1

a
a

121 DATA 119,1,8,245,1

119,1,8,245,1,8, 190,1,0,84,2
51, 2,8,239,2,9,51,2, 0,245, 1,8
8122 DATA’ 119,158,245, 1,8, 190,
8,04, 2,8, 51,2,

45,1,8)319,1
4,2,8,51,2,8,239, 2)
358, 119,1,8,245, 1,
18,51, 2,8, 239, 2,8,
°

9999 SAVE “Simply NM” LINE 1

that_uses_ the three

wing (although the

Pheasing can

jato (smooth), or nat snocth. A tiny metronome

ticks off the beats vhile the misic plays.

‘The program creat

TUNE value, a COARSE TUNE value,

tive, but in the present song, a WHOLE note gets 8 beat:
note geta 4, a QUARTER note gets 2, end an

beat. RESTS are input as 0 (zero). ‘The MUSICAL SCORE begins with
the DATA statenent in line 6100. First is a title

2 *misical score® by READIng in
from DATA statements, Each tone cons:

values
a FINE

ions are all

Exc note’ geta 1

(in quotes)

* SMART TEXT TS-2068 x

vgives you the prettiest letters that
you'll ever see froma computer. It's DATA
BASE lets you edit and nove data at will.
It's MAIL MERGE lets you create or LOAD mail
list f1les for PERSONAL FORN LETTERS.
HEADERS, FOOTERS, BLOCK INDENT, Repeat Print
reports, do‘ tavotces, outlines, AUTO
LETTERHEADS, AUTO SIGH OFF! A complete
ADMINISTRATIVE PACKAGE for home or office.
$39.95 Check or X/0. Post Paid.

Specify type of Interface, and for
Cassette, Micro Dr, or AERCO FD Disk.
Supports all printers. 70 page illustrated
manual, plus phone’ = nfo service.
Guarenteed.

Bill Jones, Gulf Micro Electronics,

1317 Stratford Ave, Panana City, FL 32404.
904-871-4513 Inquiries welcome.

CoJossus ESE
GArome

COLOSSUSis a graphic-banner program, Now you cam mit
anneraize TEXT with banner-tie graphic PICTURES.
Route your graphic banner to the 2040 thermal prister or
full size printer (ou must supply your own cutorieed
Zpria-80 printer driver code.)

‘Speeintons:

inner see 24 rows x 1624 continuous columns
(2 sent ona)

Font Typer Sunde Moder, Hain Bot,
ond Fomt (Chancery incuded)

Pont Site: 8,16
Fenetions: Scroll Forward / Backward

nd 24» normal

Pinter diver required)
int from any column)

Get your cony of Caloanes (only $19.95 ppd) from:
Lemke Software Development
2144 White Oxk

‘Wichita, KS 67207

Now at last...

The FootePrint

‘The firat number is the nunber of notes played by this” vole
Voice 1 in this case is the Soprano voice. ‘The second mnber
(119) ip the FINE tine value, the thicd value (1) ia the COARSE
Eure valve, and the fourth number is the duration of ‘the first.
tone, 8 beats, a whole note. The following numbers continue to
detine the musical score cf voice one. Line 6110 starts the
musical score of voice two. The first number defines the nunber
of tones (and rests) played by this voice. this is folloved by
the values that define these tones. Line 6120 atarta the misical
score for the third voice,

This particular arrargement of “CANON IND" starts with all
three voices in harmony, and it sounds aa if there ia only one
voice. After a few bars, the second voice appears,
time later, the third. Though simple, the misic

Listing notes: Lines 75 and 76 each have a "7"
‘Thene ace UDG "A" and "B™ characters cespectively. These are. the
Uiny metronome defined in lines 8004 and 8005. Lines 60, 90,
100, 120, 400, and 8000 all have “bracketa” in them. This is
really the Basic SOU) command, and mst be typed with the koy=
word SOUND. About the only way to debug this gong, is to Laten
aa it plays and seek out the “kinks*. when you INPUT data from
Printed score, you can actually follow the music one voice st a
tine and find your errors. If the prosram plays too alow, it can
be speeded up by deleting Lines 70 to 77. If you want only Legato
(smooth), delete Lines 80, 90, and 100 also. SAYE the program to
tape after you have typed it in by "atRing 9999%. ‘The progeam
will auto-cun when it loads. "PREPARING SCORE" will flash on the
screen as the DATA is read. When completed, you vill be able to
adjust the voices by preasing *S* for Sopcano (voice 1) "AY for
Alto (voice 2), and “8 for Bass (voice 3). Preas "P* to change
the phrasing. Press “ENTER” to play the #ong.

Printer Interface

*# for Centronics parallel printers
‘* works in both 2068 and Spectrum mode
* compatible with OS-64 & Spectrum emulators
* EPROM socket and on/off switch on board
© works with both Tasman and Aercodriver software
* plugs into cartridge dock—door completely
closes with cable running back under computer
* frees up rear edge connector allowing other
peripherals to be used; less chance of a crash
* print driver software for LPRINT, LLIST, and
COPY included for 2068 and Spectrum modes
FootePrint Interface w/software & cable $45°°
FootePrint with OS-64 option included . .$65°°
Bare board & instructions only ..........$15°

Cable only for use with bare board ....,..$15°
All prices are pre-paid and include shipping charges.

FOOTE, SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 14655 — Gainesville, FL 32604
904/462-1086 (6 pm -9 pm EDT)

Oo
Ultra-Easy Designer Graphics

by Paul Bingham

‘The large and warm response to the ULTRA-EASY DESIGNER
GRAPHICS Program for the 2068 (which appeared in the July/August
1986 issue of Time Designs attests to the many 2068 users
yearning for ways to use UDGs effectively. Many sent listings of
enhancements they had added, some sent tapes, one wrote to say
he had been locking for this program for a long, long time and
wished I had written it sooner. "Truth is, so do I! I think all
this renewed interest in our 2068's graphic programming abil-
ities is great.

In the first article I made mention, "that there were only
21 of them,"--UDGs that is. Well, as things turn out T vas weong
again! So what appears here is some new program lines to soup up
the old version 1.0 so it will do 115 UDGs at a whack instead of
just 21. I call it "SON OF UDG".

Now if you crack your 2068 manual open to page 262 you will
find the name CHARS listed. By reading the content note you will
discover that by altering the address in CHARS we can set up an
alternate table of letters and synbols in RAM and the 2068 will
use them instead. How exciting! New symbols, new fonts, new
graphics—its all possible. CHARS covers the Character set
starting with the space (code 32) and through to the copyright
symbol (code 127). This is in diference to an article on fonts I
just read in SW. The entire set is not pointed to by CHARS,
only CHRS codes 32 through 127.

Check the listing of these characters in the manual's
Appendix B (page 240 and on). Now lets experiment. Type in the
short Listing #1. This looks in the table in ROM and lists the
values for each of the eight bytes which comprise each char-
acter. Character #124 and #126 list eight bytes the same as the
rest, but the manual states they are STICK and FREE. What the
table lists produces a vertical bar symbol and a reverse quote,
just like the SPECTRUM, But elsewhere in the ROM, the 2068
ignors this and prints STICK or FREE...two comands the SPECTRUM
does not have. Because of this fluke "SON OF UDG" ignors #124
and #126 as well, so as not to cause problems.

Figure 1

120=0,0,63,40,16,40,63,0,
131=0,0/63/68,68,60,4,56)
32220/0,124,9,16)32,124,0,
72320 /14,8,48/8,
1B420,8,8,8,8,8,8 0,
225=0,112,16,42/16,i6,112,0,
120,40,0,0,8,8,0,
0,66,159 162/161, 183,665,860,

Figure 2

wo 196 212731sss1ssuDe
Ea tea

zen
lilo

s9vi9em

854541640

The program keeps track of what CHARS is set to at any
given time, but in your own programs you must change the con—
tents back to the original values before, say breaking or
listing. If you don't every symbol will become total gibberish.
In that case try POKEs to put things as they were: 23606 shovld
be 0 and 23607 should be 60. In the program GOSUB 610 will per—
form the sane service.

The "SON OF UDG" program uses all the sane keys as the
original plus the “a” key which is a screen toggle. One is the
old graphic work slate, the other is a current list of 115
Characters (see Pig.2). You will be asked upon switching screens
if you will be returning or wish the work slate's contents dis
played. This is so if you toggled in mid-stream to check some—
thing that your current efforts won't be obliterated. SAVE and
LOAD have also been modified to proper size for all 115.

In order to get your old listing up to "SON OF UDG" status
you will need to do the following:

DELETE lines 10 thru 20, 36 thru 39, 43 thru 110
350 thru 520, 9010 thru 9050, 9095 thru 9120, 9220
thru 9225, line 25, and line 200
Alter "65368, 159" in lines 28 & 29 to
Alter "20" im line 190 to "750"

Alter line 9080 by removing “FAPER 5:" command
Alter line 1 to in¢lude "SGN OF" so you know later
Add all the lines of Listing #2

And thats all there is to it! You are of course welcome to
make any alterations or enhancements you wish to the program
(several found grids on the work slate to be helpful last’ time,
for example)...and feel free to send ideas and coments to me
also. If you would like a conplete listing of the entire "SON OF
UDG" program the way it is supposed to lock, just mail a dollar
and 1°11 send you one. Write Paul Bingham, P.O. Box 2034, Mesa,
Az 85204. (If you're not up to typing, I will send copies of
the complete program on tape for $5.)

"64598, 941"

Listing 1

2 REM 2068 CHRS Tabte Pecrer
FOR f=32 TQ 227: PRINT Ff,”

FOR U=f48+18369 TO 14841536

PRINT PEEK t;
NEXT t: PRINT

Listing 2
10 CLEAR 64597: GO SUS é9@: FC
SISS16 TO 16384: POKE (t+42938
NeXT t. FOR tosses T
READ 9: POKE t.o. NEXT
FLASH ©: CLS. GO 2yu8 9015: G
Ug gsaa. Gata 0,853,285, a52.

63m xi267); orm ct). FOR t
B: LET erty a3a- NEXT t. DT
2). DIM uses; LeT cs=?7. LE
7. LET pe=S: LET pysi: INFU
fess ENTER to continue...":7
GO To_10s
Go TO 350
é Sei) LET ax<6- GoTo 41
37 LET $=9: LEY ax=i: GO To 42
ood LET £847) LET ax co Toe
poo? bET £225: LET axst- co To 4
42 INPUT “iste "petaoe" and: ¢
(BEY Sra "ects hk athe cial
43 IF C1 r8008 THEN CQ GUS 350
GO SUB 609: PRINT AT O,1:CHES ¢
(i :CHRS ClariAT A. ac ches 0316
HRS cd): GO SUB 610’ FoR t=5 To

18 STEP a PRINT AT B,tic(iecs—
6) 74): NEXT t: PAPER RETURN

ae FOR

=1 70 4: IF tise THEN

LET yi LET xa=CINT (teBsde) 1+
S44.°C0 To 46

$5 LET gi=3: LET xa=(INT (t43y
1B) e844

45 IF c(t) 2443 THEN LET hele it
) +1443 48465353: G0 TO 53

47 LET c(t) 32) #8454598

63 FoR TO h+?: LET eisPeeK
m

64 FOR TO 1 STEP -1: LET a
dsaive- IF INT aliaa THEN PAPER
O. PRINT AT yi,x14a;CHRS 143): 4
ET _gi2InT a4: 60°70’ 66

65 PAPER 7: PRINT AT ya,xde9;c
HRS 128;

88 NEXT 9: LET yleyisa: NEXT m

199 GO SUB 9893: Go suB ss20
PRINT AT c2,26;" ”
PRPER 7: PRINT AT ce,25/CHRS 4
64. IF ci=s60a THEN GO’SUB saeco
Go_To iio
107 GO SUS 609: co SUB 619
T10 PEPER 1: PRINT AT cs.26;" "
IF CODE INKEY$=S1 THEN LET’ cs
cet. GO TO 120
200 IF CODE INKEY$=97 THEN SO 5

Lar.
pAT 21,16

380 FOR m221 TO 24: GO SUB m: N
EXT m: RETURN.
490 FOR hex TO x47: FOR toy TO.

us?) PRINT AT ht; CHRS 126. NEXT
TONEXT hs RETURK

410 INPUT “CHRS Number(cm) as 5
terege: "ivn: IF vnosi AND vncias
BND vn <>424 AND vn(>326 OR vmod
$3 GNS vn des THEN LET e=vn: GO

415 Fue UT “Titegat entry! --hit

ENTER" i vS: GO TO 410

420 IF €>127 THEN LET jsINT (s/

8): LET wee-143: LET 1 s85350+5su
so To 430

425 LET jeINT (5/8): LET wae-a
LET 1=64590+8aw

430 LET russ: FOR t=i TO i+7: P

OKE tid (ru); LET rusrued: NEXT t
435 PAPER 7: IF ci=9¢00 THEN GO

Td 530
SOQ LET kisi: LET f=
+5-To-gl: 6G. sub coe. PRINT AT h

,11,CHRS €;AT h,23;CHRS fF: GO SU

8640. PRINT AT ’h 4S; ni; AT ny18,

f; (PRPER_S: BRIGHT 1: eRINT’™ &
PRPER 7: BRIGHT @: LET kiski+
LET fefsa: NEXT h

S05 IF CODE CHR$ e=124 OR CODE

CHRS €=125 THEN RETURN

$10 GO SUB Gea: FOR n=19 TO 21
PRINT AT h,j44)CHRS €: NEXT h

TIMEX SINCLAIR—RELATED BBS‘’s IN THE U.S.

Courtesy Of Pete Fisher

$20 IF j<2 THEN PRINT AT 19, j+7

iCHRS e: GO SUB 610; RETURN
S25 PRINT AT 20, j+8;CHRS © CO
SUB 619: RETURN.

530 IF (50 THEN LET 9x=2: LET
gu=28. GO To s6e

535 IF 478 THEN LET 9x=6: LET
9y=48: GO TO Soo
S40 IF <9 THEN LET 9x=10. LET

ay=63: co To 550
S45 IF @<119 THEN LET 9x=24: LE
Tlgu=88: "GO To sso
S50 IF ¢<126 THEN LET 9x=19. LE

T_9y=108: GO To Seo

SSS CET gxeo4: LET oy=a43

S68 PRINT AT 21,16;1,/AT O,6+INT
(2/8) $45" 9 “GAT O,64InT (5 730
4.@: GO um seo: PRINT AT qx, 1+T
NT (s/17) ;CHRS ej; AT gu-e,9x, CARS
€: 80 SUB 616: RETURN

S00 POKE 23605,86: POKE 23607,2

Si. RETURN

610 POKE 23605,0: FOKE 23607,50
RETURN

78S IF ci=9600 THEN GO SUB ce+2

@: RETURN

790 IF ci=see9 AND ces OR ce 28

ugh c£245 THEN GO 'SuB cs¥20: RET

795 RETURN

$00 FLASH 1: PRINT AT 17,8)" jes

emenet!”: RETURN

8200 GO SUB 9815. INPUT "Display

Brevious work? “ing. IF ngeo"n”

THEN LET tx=S: LET ty=1: FOR

1 TO 256: Go Ta seos

9002 RETURN

9003_IF K(t)=1 THEN PAPER @: PRI

NT_AT ty tx; CHRS 4c: PAPER 7: 2

O To said

9005 PRINT AT ty, tx:CHRS 123

9010 LET txstxsd! IF tx:20 THEN

LET txsS: LET tystyea

$012 NEXT t: GO SUB 34. RETURN

8015 LET ci=95%0: BORDER 2: PAPE

RS: BRIGHT 1: FOR t=8 TO ai: PR

INT AT t,@;"
NEAT ot

g225 PAPER 7: BRIGHT oO

S520 PAPER 2: BRIGHT @: FOR_t=1
TO 21. PRINT AT 26)" ") NEXT t
$590 BRIGHT 1: FOR t4e TO 21: PR
INT AT t.27;° NEXT &

3540 OAIGHT 0: PRINT AT O.27) "ER

GAT 7,27, "SUATH" AT 8137) "SA
jAT 9,27, "CODES" IAT 18,27; °S
‘Sar £2.27) "PRINT™

Weeace wpore [anys v{¥

jaan Mit

mis Commer) nn

OnSESStOW

corusent — [iveat oo

rae Corre no if a

iste sinyese- 503 oo

aowey wet | c619)390-0070 Pe [8 | ¢ [esters

wet vate (rateoee) xn oe [ten ee.
ate eas

Wier on foinessma vr) tte] | test

ose foimyasr-aear oo 018 T new vont

oma rene [ein sean ¥ we.

Py 0 | norton
ra Tea nike

Sema Port [Orn ass-o1s tl | on | Medtgan,

‘sonee reteset oo 0 | Wirtinie

startet [01708771081 Stil :

Twexcusce — [c2in 9-212

0 feaanar-ioee

wor f2ennsz7-0535,

ema svete [criers-0r70

GREAT BOOKS
FOR YOUR SINCLAIR

OFFICIAL 2068 TECHNICAL MANUAL.1..0.§25.00

CONTROL THINGS with your
Timex/Sinclalr By RL SWATHS. esenennn

xe.

|: Programming for Real Applications
BY RONIO HUT CY saraisnnnnnenennmnenen S600

Both “CONTROL THINGS” ON "ZXBP "avn

Build a Microcomputer - Controlled
ROBO BY B.C. TOY1OF enennrnsenennnnnerenerrereeS 17.OO

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9550 BRIGHT i: LET 2-23: LET
SO SUB S508
@s80 LET j=19. co suB 9500; LET
J=18: 60 3UB_ssce
8570 PRINT AT 5,3: "row": PAPER 7
BRIGHT 9. RETURN
9600 INPUT “Returning to current
Work? “ng. IF ngcotn" THEN PAP
ER 7) co’sUe seq" Ler tx-5: LET
ty]: FOR t=1 TO 25s: GO TO S502
3601 G2 To 9508
S502 TF INT (ATTR (ty, tx) 78) Oo7
THEN LET K(t)=1: 60 TO S605
3603 LET Kit
S505 LET txatxsa: IF tx920 THEN
LET tx=s. LET tystued
$606 NEXT f
8803 LET ci=90a0: FLASH 9
RS: PAPER S: BRIGHT 0: FOR
YO 21: PRINT AT t,0;"
wT NEXT
9610 LET bb=O: LET xp=32: LET_yp
#43; LET up=26: LET xt=@: GO SUB

LET_yp=69: LET w

GO_SUB $720

LET ups89° LET w

GO_SUB 9720

LET yp=99: LET w

: 60_SUB 9720

S680 LET xp£i00. Ler ypeies LET
i: eo SUB 9730

9860 CET xp=1i0° LET yp 127: LET
G3: LET xt=16: GO SUB 9730

9570 LET xpeldd: LET yp=i64: LET

wWeeid3: LET xts2i: LET bb co

SUB S720

9650 PAPER 7: PRINT AT 0.6

18,2! “jAT
jar &0

9690 PRINT AT 2,5; "
PAT O13, "°3"5

BORDE

PAPER |S: PRINT AT
18 AT 18,19
B,es"2 4

> LET aasz-wp
PRPER S: BRIGHT bh: PRINT AT a

250'BOKE 23508,85. POKE 23807,2
2: PAPER 7: BRIGHT O- PRINT CHR
z, POKE 23585,0: POKE 23607,60
NexT z: RETURN

$5.00

$10.00
NEWL

$12.00

‘Avaiable February 1987

126.00

We PAY THE POSTAGE
‘ON ALL ORDERS!

{long with checl/MO OR Credit Card No/Exp, date to:

T/s
MODEM-ing

If you have spent any time on a local Bulletin Board
System, you will have certainly found the mighty, but humble,
TS 2068 in the minority. I have had the occasion to offer BASIC
programs to fulfill a few BBS users requests. However, Sinclair
BASIC is incompatible with other computer BASICs. With the help
of BASIC2text, one can upload a Sinclair BASIC program via MTERM
II to another brand of computer. On the receiving end, the re-
ceiver can print out the text/progran and key it into their
computer, making needed alterations. Some computers can compile
@ text file into BASIC format, allowing some receivers to simply
tailor the text file to their system requirenents without having
to key in the program.

Sinclair BASIC is stored in the machine using many control
codes (number slugs, floating point numbers, line length, ect.)
and single codes for Tokens (IF, THEN, GO TO, ect.). BASIC2text
will remove any non-ASCII control codes and expand the Tokens to
their full ASCII equivalents.

To use BASIC2text, first LOAD @ BASIC program, set RAMTOP
to 64900 (CLEAR 64899), then LOAD in the machine code version of
BASIC2text (LOAD "BASIC2text "CODE 64900). BASIC2text is run in
two separate steps. PRINT USR 64909 will move the actual BASIC
program to high memory, allowing room to build the text file.
When this step is complete, a message will appear on the screen
prompting you to Press Any Key to reset memory. RAMTOP will be
raised to 28416, protecting the area for the text file. The
screen will black out and the copyright message will appear. The
machine is now ready to translate the moved BASIC into a text
file (use PRINT USR 65042). The program will now convert
Sinclair BASIC to an ASCII text file starting at 28416. When the
translation is complete, a message will appear on the screen
providing information on the start of the text file and its
length. Follow the prompts to SAVE a copy to tape. IMPORTANT
NOTE: Both routines mst be called with the PRINT USR...not the
commonly used RANDOMIZE USR, This will insure that the messages
will appear on the screen.

To send the text file via NTERM II, load MTERM's buffer
with the text file. I prefer to use LOADER IV. If the length of
the text file is larger than the buffer area, it should be saved
in two parts, allowing two smaller text files to be loaded and
sent separately via MTERM.

BONUS: I have two different printer-drivers for a full-size
printer, both of which do not faithfully reproduce a BASIC
listing. By using the text file produced by BASIC2text, a
faithful copy of the listing can be sent to a full-size printer.
Set the driver's margin to 32 characters wide, and use the
following BASIC program to print it to your printer:

10 FOR X=start of text file To
end of text file: LPRINT CHR® PE
Ek xX}: NEXT x

ENTERING BASIC2text
In order to save space, I have not provided a BASIC program
to install the machine code. If you have access to an assembler
I would suggest enterign the program via the mnemonics. If you
do not have and asenbler or a favorite machine code loader use
Listing 2, and enter the OP Code colum in the DATA statement
lines.

‘The author can provide a copy of this program on tape for
$4.00 (includes shipping). Please send a check or money order

to: Michael E. Carver, 1016 NE Tillamook, Portland, OR 97212.
Please specify “BASIC2text".
ROM CALLE.
PR_STRING
TO_TABLE
POLSEARCH equ
SCAN Listing &
SYSTEM VARIABLES
PRO
VARS
Rantor
ORIGIN equ FDAa (4ago04)
Hnementes Lane Notes

I PROGRAM VARIABLES

20 G_FLAG
e000 nOVED_BAS
‘e000 ROVED_END
9900 BAS_LENO
9000 TLFILe

in Tere

BASIC2text....Extending the use of MTERMII

by Michael E. Carver

JEnter here to move BASIC
$Call via PRINT USR 64909

FDeD EDAESSSC MOVE_PASIC 14 be, (PROG)
Dei 2aaasc le ni, tvars

FDv4 eDaz abe hi,be itind Length of

Fe 23 tne At ASIC program
Foye £3 push ht

Fey ch pop be iPregram tength
FDYA eDaserrD 1@ (BAS_LENG) , Be

FOYE eDsBB25c 1d de, (RARTOPS

Daz EDS3e7FD 1é (MOVED_END), ae tend of moved
FDAS 2A4BSC Le ni, (WARS) ABASIC

FDAY EDBS lade iMove waste
FDAB 13. tne ae
FDac eDs3esrD
sRemet RANTOP and NEW
rope 11D0rD
FDBS 043000
cpppzi
epRooz WAIT.

Intart of moved
BASIC

FDC& CDBOCZ = NO_KEY fast untit o

tkey te pre

Fppi eD33525¢ 14 (RAMTOP) de

Fons cDinoD cali new t Memory
FDDS 160000 — MOVED_MSG def 16,00,00 IPRINT AT 0,04
FDDB 424153494320 defm “BASIC *

dete .

IPRINT AT 2,04
303245535320

41ag9920
4nas3020
344F20
434043415220
ananapersz9926

gaaseasen

text thle

SETUP

Ipregram flags

start
LINE_NO le a, inay
ine ht
etme
aay

Lengtn of
Fine

teheck tor and
tot Basic.

Fe2r D2AErE

resz et
FESS 1176FE DONE.
FE36 013700
FER? cppn2i

call CONVERT

Fewer screen
Iter output

convent
‘cour
JP C,PR_LENOTH
COUNT
PR_LENOTH
fobtain CHRS code
SAVE_NSO SPRINT AT 0,01

207341764920

Hiinefeed + * >

FEA? 32363431362¢ *2e416,° Freez
pe
NOT_DONE Iconvert tine # 70 Poise
FEOS
ve
E20 sPrint tratiing
st00@ bs ro_save Iapace
De
stoe COCoFF call STORE_CHAR
ox
at pop de
ep 20
SP 2, STORE
ea 8,30 FEFF
STORE eatl STORE_CHAR 200k
Bovy pop nt 3€00
1a a, (ny 1808
tne ht ar OUT_SP_NO x0r IPrint Line #
push hI Epaz our_sr_
ep 22 teuctes, 3c
37 AE, ENTER 30rR
puen at oF
1d a, FOFLAG? 3D
ner OF 1 Toggte Quotes, 2een
14 (OFLAO),& rare) PR_vrarT
pon at
ENTER ep oD JENTER
dr 2 aser
ee of Anumber Stuy, ‘STORE_CHAR
JF n2,NOT_SLUO Le)
pop hi BASIC Pointer
1d be,0003 Skip floating
setae an la CT FILe) nt
NoT_stuo were
eck tara from Fez? ~ erce porrone ROM

diem LLIST with necessary changes for prewent program.
PRINTABLE saserr?
aserr Listing 2
Seearo dee teects 9000 CLEAR eaeres. LEY se=?-i Res
s204rD 14 COFLAG) ya TORE : FOR 1=0 TO 73: READ d#: L
ne poo st er edt NEXT 4
bet Sts Enter 9010 IF LEN a$¢21164 THEN PRINT
curr call xy
Frov Fean be hea eng sieg FLASH if*Error in Machine Code D
Fron ceiver REM 4 ATA Lines 9925-9998""*=Plea
FOE COCIFF *s
ri Fees iit se correct before continuingt: 6
208:
reas et 9020 LET address=64900: FOR i=i
eras, /comre TO LEN a®-1 STEP 2
ih aee oe 9O30 POKE addresstINT ((1-10/2),
ene? res 2, HREM tag (CODE aS(1)-(48 AND CODE a8(1)<5
azeer 14 (FLAG) ya ®)-(3S AND CODE #8(1)>64))#16+C0
Lord DE aS(1+1)-(48 AND CODE asci+ty<
Wonascrt cp eo mised eeenient S@)-(S5 AND CODE a@(i+1)>64)
3 6 /BLOCK_ORAPHE ¥O4O NEXT 1
ep 7e astick? 050 CLS : PRINT "Machine Code h
ar xexronn vec nm Loade into memory. **
Sr 2 expan any key to SAVE & VERIFY
1¢ hi-artaa BASICZtext*: PAUSE 0: SAVE "BA
Bie ove sQuctes fag? SICZtext*CODE 64700,592: CLS : P
nara tren RINT “Rewind and play tape to Ve
Jr nt, ASCET rify": VERIFY "BASICZ2text*CODE 4
ExPAND au LF 4900, 592
Seti toca oc Ae: 9923 DATA *0000000000000000"
sr BoDy | 9926 DATA “COEDABS3SC2AGBSC*
BLOCK_ORAFH cp 90 sUser graphica? 9927 DATA *ED4Z2323E5C1ED43~
Ie mesearmiiens a + + Continue thie pattern
ge asert using Line numbers 9928-9997 in
oRarHics cp AS Weer grapnica? increments of 1...
Jf ne, TOKENS
aun 4F 9998 DATA *FD77Z32282FDEIC9*
ar asc
TOKENS, =p €A sReEN
Now, FOR ONLY $185 you're able to get
The QL IN A KIT FORM WITH
WSet REM tlag WINDOWING TERMINAL PROGRAM
rere 16 eck neh 8, AND UNIVERSAL MODEM
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cn77FF a1) TOKENS_t Yes that’s for the QL Computer Kit
ame rian AND the complete online package!!!
TOKEN_FLAG 1a a, (OFLA? Here's an absolutely smokin’ deal!

$Set Token flag

IT’S NOT EVEN IN OUR CATALOG!

The QL kit comes to us as just the computer
without the Business Software (WP, SS, DB, PG),
‘but WE'LL STILL THROW IN OUR SPECIAL

“FREEWARE” and Utilities!

119800
cn7co7 = PO_LTABLE
3e0c

Sind Token in
itable and store

HToken ¢1ag set? Asa

the motherboard is already completely

2008 1erint ‘built, all you need to do is perform the simple final
3Ez0 assembly. Instruction Manual is included. Tools
cDASFF

used? ONLY A PHILLIPS SCREWDRIVER! NO
‘SOLDERING IS EVEN NECESSARY1!1 Now you
can’t beat this deal with a Pile Driver! Let's hear
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QUANTUM COMPUTING
BOX 1280 Dover, NJ 07801
OR DIAL OUR Q LINE: (201) 328-8846 (24 Hr)

po_each

116 Inverted
fend of Token

itratling

y> FREE MONITOR!

YES! IT'S TRUE!! Just order a QL Computer and a QL printer
from VARIETY SALES and you will get, absolutely FREE, a
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Sinclair QL Near Letter Quality Printer

Psion Quill full-feature Word Processor
Psion Archive full-feature Data Base
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All cables, manuals, wallet of 4 microdrive
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And you get it all for just: $Soao

Send check or Money Order for $599
+H1IS shipping to:

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ALL of them! NOTE: FREEWARE with ALL 1st Purchases! Just Enclose A BLANK
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Order From: QUANTUM COMPUTING, Box 1280, Dover, NJ 07801
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33

ei a Se
Sharp’s Inc.
Rt. 10, Box 459
Mechanicsville, VA 23111
(804) 746-1664 or 730-9697
COMPARE OUR PRICES!

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THE EDITOR $34.95 PASCAL $79.95

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SisKie $1249 LATTICE‘ $99.95
QFLASH $29.95 LISP $69.95
512K & DISC UF $289.95 ASSEMBLER $45.95
CENTRONICS VF $34.95 BOOKS: $8.95 EACH
SUPERCHARGE $69.95 | MACHINE CODE PROG.
AQUANAUT 471 $25.95 QDDS COMPANION
THE KING $25.95 QL GAMESMASTER
QL PAINT $34.95 INSIDE THE SINCLAIR QL
SPRITE GENERATOR $24.95 USING GRAPHICS ON THE QL
QL MOUSE $129.95 ADVANCED PROGRAMMING ON QL
SUPER ASTROLOGER $29.95 DATABASE MANAGMENT QL
WARIN THE EAST $27.95 QL SUPERBASIC
SUPER TOOLKIT II $54.95 PROFITING FROM THE QL
QL PRINTER $219.00 QL COMPUTING
ROM DISASSEMBLER $34.95 (MANY MORE TITLES)

VISA & MASTERCARD ACCEPTED WITH 3%

MICRODRIVES IN STOCK AT $9.95 FOR (4)

WRITE FOR OUR NEW 6th EDITION CATALOG.

SURCHARGE. ALL PRICES INCLUDE SHIPPING.

1 MODE 256:
2 AT 3,0: PRINT

1S AN ETCH-A-SKETCH'
3 PRINT" PROGRAM CREATED FOR THE STRANGE”
4 PRINT" AND DEMENTED; POSSIBLY FOR THOSE"
VE BELIEVE THAT THIS PROGRAM "
VILL PROVIDE MINUTES OF ENJOY-'

2 SINCLAT
INT: PRINT: PRINT"

R QL"
THIS

MENT, SECONDS OF ECSTACY, AND A’ ER 1
14 PRINT” BETTER OUTLOOK ON LIFE, THE UNI~ = —
rt wT VERSE, AND EVERYTHING." °
16 PRINT" © TV MODE >": PRINT: PRINT tom] FE aN
17 FOR K=1 TO 35 T ; fe r eas re
43 PRINT "=H; "0; By David and Robert Johnson
19 NEXT K
20 PAUSE 100
22 PRINT"DO YOU WISH TO SEE THE DIRECTIONS"; "(Y/N)": INPUT DIS
23 IF DI$=""" THEN GO TO 40

CLS:CLS #0: PRINT"

up"
Dow"

RIGHT"

LEFT”

DRAWING COMMANDS"
TEXT COMMANDS"

DIRECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
USE:"

42 PAUSE 300: CLS:CLS #0
42 PRINT "TO BEGIN"
43 PRINT: PRINT"1) DRAWING"
44 PRINT: PRINT"2) SEE A PICTURE”
45 PRINT: PRINT" PRESS 1 OR 2": INPUT YESS 370 LET Ye.
46 IF YESS$="1" THEN GO TO 349 390 LET X=¥
47 IF YES$="2" THEN GO TO 150 295 LET YS=INKEYS
400 THEN GO TO 395
THEN GO TO 150 420 THEN LET Y=Y+1
THEN GO TO 322 425 THEN LET Y=Y-1
14 GO TO 11 130 THEN LET X=X-1
150 LET DS = CHRS(93):LET L$ = CHRS(93) 435 " THEN LET X=X+1
PRINT Ds;"OPEN POINTS1” 436 IF YS="Q" THEN GO TO S60
PRINT D8;""READ POINTS1" 437 IF YS="T" THEN TEXT
LBYTES ndv1_POINTS1, 131072 52 POIBT X,Y
PRINT DS;"CLOSE POINTS1" 521 PRINT #0; "X="; Xj" Ye"s¥
PAUSE 100 522
CLS: MODE 512 550

PAPER #0;7:1NK #0;@:CLS #0:

L=DN, O=#, P=}, QSSTOP FOR COMMANDS"

PRINT #0; "O=UP,

560

"DO YOU WISH TO PLACE A CIRCLE
"2 CY, IO" INPUT #0; CS

Program Continued On Page 36...

MARKEL ENTERPRISES
Post Office Box 2392
Secaucus, New Jersy 07094-0992
(718) 627-1293

Serving the Sinclair community since 1982!

INCREDIBLE! FULL FEATURED!
SINCLAIR QL

Includes Manual, All 4 PSION Bundled
Programs, 4 Blank Microcartridges and
Markel’s Own Address Book Software

$209.00

THIS IS NOT A DO-IT-YOURSELF KIT!

1.C.E. Cartridge...620.00 when bought with QL
Reduced prices on many items in our Catalog.
WRITE!

A FEW STILL AVAILABLE
Sinclair QL Vision RGB Color MOnitor.........cccccccsscsseseeseees $299.95

MARKEL ENTERPRISES WISHES TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE A
HAPPY 2nd BIRTHDAY!

MORE ITEMS BEING ADDED DAILY AS WE EXPAND OUR QL SUPPORT.
IF IT'S NOT LISTED - WE CAN GET IT - PLEASE CALL OR WRITE.

ADD $3.00 FOR C.O.D. SHIPMENTS
ADD 3% FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING.
NY AND NJ RESIDENTS ADD APPROPRIATE SALES TAX.

Our address says mail order / Our phone says NYC / Our name says support

" THEN GO 10 570
N" THEN GO TO 600
57 PRINT #0;"CIRCLE PARAMETERS: RADIUS, ECCENTRICITY,

Program Continued From Page 34

ANGLE": INPUT #0; Z,W,V

575 CIRCLE X;¥;2,W,V: PRINT #0;"DO YOU WISH TO FILL ? (¥/¥)"

576 INPUT #0;C$: IF C$="¥" THEN PAINT

577 IF C$s"N" THEN GO TO 395

600 PRINT #0:PRINT #0;"DO YOU WISH TO CHANGE X & Y ?
C$: IF C$="Y" THEN GO TO 610

NEV Y 22": INPUT #0; Y:GO TO 395

edure PAINT

WHAT COLOR ? ¢ 0 - 7 >”: INPUT #0; COLOR
1915 INK COLOR: FILL 1:CIRCLE X;¥;Z,W,V: FILL 0

13¢2@ END DEFine

19999 REMaric ORR IOOOO OOOO IOC OTA TAI OIIK
14@0@ RENark BY David Johnson and Robert Johnson

14500 REMark for the Sinclair QL : 1986

14510 REMark JOR OOOO BOER OOOO DOE AAO

15000 DEFine PROCedure TEXT

15010 PRINT #O;"TEXT AT CURRENT X ";X;"¥ ";Y;" POSITION 2? (¥/™>"

15015 INPUT #0;TEXS: IF TEXS="¥" THEN GO TO 15017
15016 IF TEX$="N" THEN GO TO 600

15017 PRINT #0;"INK 2? (0-7)": INPUT #@;COLOR: INK COLOR
15030 PRINT #0;" INPUT YOUR TEXT: ": INPUT #0; TES

15@35 CURSOR X,¥: PRINT TES

15040 END DEFine

“| Built A QL Kit’

anne

i¥;" INPUT NEW X": INPUT #0; X

***HOW TO USE THIS PROGRAM***

This is a drawing program for the QL, and is
self-explanatory—with directions in the pro-
gram itself. You can view the program ona TV
(F2) or a monitor on F2. The most important
thing is to have your CAPS LOCK ON! Just
follow the programs built in pronpts.

Anyone who wants a copy of this program on
Microdrive, just send a formatted cartridge
to: D. Johnson, 2399 St. Rd. 95, Edison, OH
43320. Include $1.00 for shipping.

By Bob Howard, WA6DLI

As soon as you read the title, you will say.."He
did WHAT". Yes, its true...like the early Sinclairs, you
can now buy a QL Kit by mail order from A+ COMPUTER
RESPONSE in Keene, New Hampshire (and some QL dealers
also have them now).

Well, as I am primarily a 2068 buff...I ordered one
as a way to dabble in the QL without a major investment.
The kit price is $139 plus $7 shipping from A+. I
ordered the QL kit on September 25, and it arrived
October 8th.

But you say... isn't this a dirty trick...selling
the QL by mail as a $139 kit when they are also ex-
pecting the 17 or so QL dealers to sell the assembled
QL package at $299 list less what the dealers want to
throw in as discounts or added software and accessories?
I think not as you have to consider what you DON'T get
with the kit. First you will be in the true Atari ST or
Amiga “class” as your computer kit comes with absolutely
NO SOFTWARE! This is more of a problem than you think,
as you can't run to your local downtown store and buy
some. Also while you can buy commercial software from
the QL dealers...they don't offer the four bundled pro-
grams that come with the dealer-sold QL (word processor,
data base, spread sheet, and graph programs). Since you
didn't get the programs...you don't get the standard OL
documentation either. (The QL kit only comes with parts
of the User Guide, and there is no nice binder either.
Most of the documentation concerns technical aspects of
the QL.) The kit sales might hurt dealer sales of
complete QL packages, but you could look at it as an
expanded market for the dealers sale of peripherals and
software.

If you don't need the business package...then the
QL kit is a great "deal", for learning SuperBASIC and
for typing in programs from tutorials such as in ZX
Computing Monthly from England and also TDM.

Well enough said on the ethics of the deal...what
is the QL kit like and how hard is it to build? First of
all, a kit it is not...it is a knocked down QL out of
the case and consists of: a case with keyboard in the
top half, two micro-drives, a heat sink, and a single
mother-board computer, assembled and apparently tested
by A+ (derived from the stickers on the bottom of the
case.) Also a bag of screws and miscellaneous parts like
covers for the ports not used. The heavy power supply
and cord, and TV switch box and lead is also packed in

®t
e

the box. Also supplied are two blank micro cartridges,
and two cables; an RGB cable and a serial port cable.
(Note: these last two items are not included with pre-
assembled QL's and are an option.)

The "Kit" is about as difficult to assemble as the
average lawn chair or knocked down hardware you might
get at a department store. This doesn't mean there are
not pitfalls (you might be a klutz at reading the dir-
ections!). The QL Kit comes with the following docu-
mentation: An assembly manual produced by A+ Computer
Response, A Beginners Guide to the QL by Sinclair, A
Technical Description of the QL by Sinclair. It is all
well packaged and the instructions are very good as far
as they go. They look like they might have been produced
with a QL graphics program.

I had the thing together in no time at all...but I
am an old hand at stuffing the Sinclair keyboard ribbons
into those slots! This is the most difficult part, along
with not dislodging it all when you are plugging the LED
wires into their sockets. These wires and the keyboard
ribbons are both coming from the top lid of the case and
you must do a balancing act to hold the lid at a 45
degree angle while you push the wires into sockets. One
slip and you risk ruining the ribbons or may crumple the
ribbons while fighting to get the LED wires into their
holes and held in until you push down on the socket to
lock the wires in place.

The wires for the two Microdrives can only go in
the right way if you don't twist them and you have the
drives in the right position as shown in the drawings.

My big trauma came when everything worked fine
(keyboard all keys, LED lights, and drives)...but I
couldn't pass the formatting test. Then I read the QL
Beginners Guide and found that the formatting command:
FORMAT MDV1_ shown in the assembly manual must include
the underline symbel as part of the conmand (or you get
the dreaded “not found" report). I thought the *_" was
just their way of indicating the following flashing
cursor! So my microdrives were OK but my command was in-
complete. This needs to be stated in the assembly manual
I think...at least it cost me a lot of grief. Oh yes,
the TV switch box and cable allowed me to test the QL
on a convenient TV set nearby.

A+ Computer Response does offer a phone consul-
tation service for kit problems from 3 to 5 pm Eastern
time. I am sure this is for kit assembly and test pro-
cedures only...they will not be willing to hold your
hand on how to use SuperBASIC and otherwise program your
QL...and your phone bill couldn't stand this either.

When you move from that TV set, you are going to
find that Sinclair expected you to purchase the Sinclair
RGB Monitor. You won't be able to use the QL's monitor
mode on most TV's, but you could on a green or amber hi-
res monitor if you know how to connect one up. The QL's

RGB plug (an 8-pin DIN plug) is a rare bird to buy...its
not at Radic Shack. I happen to have color monitors in
my computer room/ham shack and one is a TI composite and
the other is a Comrex CR-6600 RGB. Fortunately, I nad
been through the RGB cable/plug mess in getting my 2068
onto the RGB monitor.

What is my verdict on the kit? I feel that if you
want a "bargain" in a "super computer" (with the under-
standing of the hassels you will have to go through to
hook it up te bargain monitors, ect.), then the QL Kit
is a good deal, especially if you want to program in
SuperBASIC or other languages. If you want to use ICE (a
GEM like desk top format operating system) and the
bundled business software, you would be ahead to buy an
assembled QL from an authorized dealer. You will be
buying other software and peripherals from them anyway,
so you might as well get off to a good start by getting
the computer from them too.

How do I like my QL? Well, it is great, and I have
had fun trying some of the QL programs in ZX Computing
Now...if I just could get color on one of my monitor:

For further information on the QL Kit, contact At
Computer Response, 69-B Island St., Keene, NH 03431
(603-357-1800).

Que Quill/vword Processor Tips
Part I

Mike de Sosa

QL Word Processor AKA QLWP AKA Quill--the least
acclaimed of the four Psion software programs bundled
with the Sinclair QL--is still a good word processor,
especially with added memory and RAMdisk. Quill's chief
fault is that it is a bit slow in carrying out some
operations. Quill's chief virtue is its ease of use; it
is even simpler than Tasword II for the TS 2068. So much
for criticism, now for some tips.

In this and future articles on Quill, I will first
deal with rather elementary things which it is essential
for any user of Quill to master and then with more
complex matters.

If you have not already done so, clone a working
copy of Quill from the master Quill cartridge.

Put a blank or no longer needed Microdrive cart-
ridge in Microdrive 1, If it is a new cartridge, format
it five times using:

FOR F=1 TO S: FORMAT mpvi_

Otherwise, put your master Quill program cartridge
Microdrive 2, then key and enter:

LRUN MDV2_CLONE_paAS
This will take about ten minutes. When complete, return
your Quill master program to its protective case and
store it in a safe place, load a formatted file cart-
ridge in Microdrive 2, then key and enter:

LRUN MDV1_BO0T

Quill should load in under 20 seconds. You are now ready
to write! (To load and run Quill from boot_up, just in-
sert a Qull program cartridge in Microdrive 1 and key
Fl.)

Quill like most software programs has preset (or
default) values for line spacing, margins, tab settings,
ect., so you may, if you wish, proceed immediately. (To
set or check that values are set you will have to use
various commands.) If you are not impatient to begin the
great American novel, hold off a few minutes, and let's
check out your Quill monitor ‘screen,

At the top is the control area where prompts and
reminders are shown and where additional instructions

will appear from time to time. For HELP it says to press
Fl. Try it. Once in the HELP facility, key Fl again for
instructions on how to use the facility. Key ESC to re-
turn to the program.

Keying F2 "toggles" the control area on and off,
creating a larger working area (you can usually infer
what's going on without the control area visible by re-
ferring to the status area—-the three lines below the
working area.)

Reading to the right in the control area is a_ block
indicating that you can move the red cursor using the
cursor (arrow) keys. (You cannot move the cursor on a
blank screen or beyond the end of the text for the first
time using the cursor keys: if you wish to leave a space
at the top of the working area or later between para-
graphs, you must use the ENTER key which starts a new
indented paragraph or the SPACE bar or TABULATE key.
Using ENTER to do this has the disadvantage of creating
@ new paragraph each time it is keyed which will slow
your later movement through the text using the SHIFT and
up and down cursor keys.)

With text on the screen, keying the up and dow
cursor keys moves the cursor up or down one line; keying
the left and right cursor keys moves the cursor one
character space left or right. Depressing the SHIFT key
while keying the up and down cursor keys moves the
cursor up or down one paragraph at a time. Depressing
the SHIFT key while keying the right and left cursor
keys moves the cursor right or left a word at a time.

Type in a paragraph of four or five lines; DO NOT
USE THE ENTER KEY TO CHANGE LINES-~just keep on typing
without regard to where you are on a line and don't
attempt to separate words at the end of a line or
correct any errors. Quill will change lines for you. Now
key ENTER to begin a new indented paragraph. Type a two
or three line paragraph, then key ENTER again to begin a
third indented paragraph. Practice moving the cursor
right and left and up and down using the cursor keys and
SHIFT plus the cursor keys. Do not worry that you cannot
always place the cursor precisely where you wish: this
is an unfortunate quirk of Quill! Check “Cursor” in the
HELP facility.

The wide central window in the control area displays
the information shown upon loading Quill, two sets of
commands when F3 is keyed, and screen prompts during
command sequences. The top line of the center window in-
dicates you are in the Insert mode wherein characters
keyed appear at the cursor position, displacing any
existing text to the right--note that if more than one
word is inserted the text will separate to permit a
longer section of text to be inserted. Contrary to what
it says in you QL User Guide (QLUG), the text will not
rejoin itself automatically. To rejoin the text, place
the cursor one space past the final character at the

front of the separation and press CIRL and the right
cursor key.

The bottom line in the central window of the con-
trol area advises how to change to the Overwrite mode,
the other Quill mode, by depressing SHIFT and keying F4.
In the Overwrite mode, which you will find is much
slower than the Insert mode, you can type over existing
tex. Use of the Overwrite mode, which I tend to forget
is available, is frequently quicker and more useful way
to edit text. Note that the current Quill mode is in-
dicated in the status area. Check "Insert" in the HELP
facility.

The second item in the central window of the
trol area reminds you to key ENTER to begin a new
dented paragraph. Check “ENTER key" in HELP.

The third line indicates that to delete text, you
depress CTRL and a cursor key. CTRL and the left cursor
key delete the character to the left of the cursor. CTRL
and the right cursor key delete the character under the
cursor; CTRL and the cursor key delete all text on the
line to the left of the cursor; CTRL and the right
cursor key delete all text on the line under and to the
right of the cursor. Depressing the SHIFT and CTRL keys
and the left cursor key deletes the word to the left of
the cursor; SHIFT, CTRL, and the right cursor key de-
lete the word to right of the cursor. Check "Delete" in
HELP.

The window to the right of the central window in
the control area reminds you to key F4 to select another
of Quill's other four typefaces (bold, underlined, high
(superscript], and low [subscript]. Combinations are
possible, for example, bold, underlined, high script.
Another option is made available by keying F4--the Paint
option with which the typeface of existing text may be
changed; again, combinations are possible. Key F4 and
follow screen prompts to add bold and underlined text,
superscripts, and subscripts to your practice para-
graphs. Use the Paint option to change the typeface of
existing text. Check "Typeface" in HELP.

The upper right window in the control area prompts
you to key F3 to select and toggle between two sets of
Quill commands.

In Quill, unlike Archive, the command to be sel-
ected must appear in the central window of the control
area. Once a command sequence is selected, subsequent
prompts and instructions will appear in this window. A
command is selected by keying the first letter of the
command. Key F3, then Key F3 again, noting the commands
available. When the command Justify is displayed, Key J.
Use the up cursor key to move the cursor to the be-
ginning of the second paragraph. Press the SPACE bar and
note that the justification of the text in the second
two paragraphs is changed. Note also that text cannot be
added while in a command sequence. Key ENTER to return
to the normal (Insert or Overwrite mode.) It is not a
good idea to use ESC to terminate a command sequence; in
some cases this might cancel a desired command change.

ESC is used to abort a command sequence in progress
or to perform some designated function within a command
sequence.

The working area consists of 17 lines of text with
the control area present or 21 lines without the control
area.

con-
in-

The status area consists of the three lines at the
bottom of the screen. The uppermost of these is the in-
put line editor on which the cursor, command sequence in
use, and prompts sometimes appear, and on which entries
(filenames, ect.) are made. The cursor will appear on
this line when an input is required. The Quill mode,
typeface, number of words typed, document name, and the
page and line number of the cursor line are displayed on
the bottom two lines in the status area.

PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE all of these pro-
cedures now or you may develop ingrained bad habits
which will slow you down later!

So far, this article has dealt with elementary but
essential procedures that must be mastered. For the
novice, don't wait for the next issue of TDM to continue
learning Quill. Make use of the Quill section of the
QLUG, and the HELP facility to teach yourself to use the
Program, Make sure you fully understand each command
Sequence as you proceed. If you are using the basic 128k
QL, I advise you to SAVE your document every twenty or
thirty minutes on two Microdrive cartridges and begin a
new document file when the document can no longer be
stored in RAM, that is, when Miccodrive 2 begins to
operate during text insertion. Leave at least 30 sectors
free on your file cartridge when creating longer docu-
ments. Next time out I will assume that you have pro-
gressed to "the more experienced Quill user" status.

Tips for the More Experienced Quill User

Once your program is configured using CONFIG BAS
and your printer data is installed using INSTALL_BAS,
delete these programs and INSTALL DAT from your Quill
working copy to make room for auxiliary SuperBASIC and
machine code programs relevant to word processing. On an
unexpanded QL, it is a toss-up wether you should add
machine code programs to multitask with Quill; it may be
better to save most of the unused RAM for document
files. But you can expand your BOOT file to include many
auxiliary procedures and functions without reducing the
available RAM for document files significantly.

On my 640k QL, I multitask four programs with
Quill: QDTG, a date-time-group program which appears in
the status area, based on a program appearing in QUANTA
and three proprietary programs, CAPS, QUILL_KEY and
MINI_CALC. My BOOT program proper consists of about 46
lines and uses QL TOOLKIT II commands. The bulk of the
BOOT program consists of about 25 defined procedures and
functions. With Quill loaded in RAMdisk, I cen quickly
QUIT Quill, perform any necessary tasks--most frequently
saving my current document file to Microdrives--and
return to Quill ina flash.

Listing 1 is my Quill BOOT program. It can be
easily modified to suit your needs and equipment mainly
by deleting lines. Listing 2 is a machine-code program
loader for a program, QtoRAMl, which transfers Quill
from Microdrive 1 to RAMdisk 1, making necessary pro-
visions for efficient RAM management. Listing 3 is the
QDTG program loader.

Most of the defined procedures and functions in
Listing 1 are, I trust, self-explanatory. If you can't
figure something out, drop me a line, in care of TDM and
include a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

[If you would like me to send you my Quill Boor
program on Microdrive, including non-proprietary machine
code programs; the programs in listings 2 and 3; four
PRINTER DAT programs; and a few useful SuperBASIC pro-
grams of my own devising, you may order it through TIME
DESIGNS for $15. Send check/money order to: DM, 29722
Hult Rd. Colton, OR 97017. VISA and MASTERCARD charges
accepted--telephone orders 0.K. Please specify "Mike's
Quill Cartridge” when ordering. ]

NEXT MONTH: More on Quill, particularly on in-
creasing the number of Quill typefaces readily available
to you.

Listing 1

2 FORMAT ram@_?00: SBYTES ram@_space,131072
60000

4 CLEAR: WINDOW 512,256,0,0: CSIZE 1,1: CLS
6 PRINT” rami =";

B FORMAT ram1_240

10 PRINT " rans = ";

12 FORMAT ramS_360

1% PRINT * Setting up QUILL on Ratidisk”

16 COPY mdvi_quil_hob TO rami_quil_hob

18 COPY mdvi_compi xe TO rami_compare_ex

20 COPY mdvi_solhead2_doc TO ranS_sclhead2_

joc

22 COPY mdvi_inead_doc TO ramS_lhead_doc
24 COPY mdvi_acad_doc TO ramS_acad_doc

26 COPY mdvi_fastcopy TO rami_fastcopy
28 PRINT: PRINT “ Do you wish to set Clock
CY/ND?

30 IF INKEYS(-12-="y": PRINT :PRINT ” SDATE
yyUW.mm,dd,hh,mm,ss°\\" Key and ENTER 'C’
to continue": STOP

32 CLS: PRINT " Executing multitasked progr

34 EXEC mdvi_quill_key
36 EXEC mdvi_s
38 EXEC mdvi_
40 EXEC mdv1_«
42 CLS: PRINTS ” Transferring Quill to RAN1_

44 EXEC_W mdvi_qtorami

46 CLS: PRINT Select Printer Driver”
48 PRINT " 1 - Std STAR SG-10"

SO PRINT " 2 - Std STAR Delta 10”

S2 PRINT “ 3 - Std EPSON FXBO Compatibles”
S4 PRINT " ~ Book Manuscript”
S56 INPUT " Your choice? “;pr

58 SELect ON pr

eo “1: COPY mdvi_printeri_dat TO rami_print
_dat

62-42. COPY mdvi_printer@_dat TO ram}_print

er_dat

64 =3: COPY mdvi_printer3_dat TO rami_print

er_dat

66 “4: COPY mdvi_printer¥_dat TO rami_print
er_dat

68 END SELect

70 CLS: PRINT ” Copy MDV2 files to RAMS”
72 WCOPY mdv2_,ranS_

74 PRINT “Nore? “: IF INKEYS(-1)=="y": GO T
a7

76 FORMAT ram2_

78 PRINT " Executing QUILL”

60 CLOSE #1: CLOSE #2: WINDOW #0,400,20,35,
21s

82 EXEC_W rami_quill

84 OPEN #1,con: OPEN #2,con

86 wscr

88 CSIZE 1,1: PRINT ” Copy ramS_ document F
iles ta mdv2_*

90 WCOPY ramS_,mdv2_

92 CLS: DIR mdve_: PAUSE 150

94 PRINT: PRINT ” Key and enter ‘reb’ to re
boot QUILL"\\" or ‘Ireb’ to load more doc
uments and reboot QUILL"\\" or ‘cop 1° /
‘cop 2' to backup Files on mdvi_ or mdv2_”
96 STOP

9000 REtark PROCEDURES & FUNCTIONS

9002 DEFine PROCedure C

9004 — CONTINUE

9006 END DEFina

$008 DEFine FuNction SGNCn): IF n=O: RETurn
0: ELSE RETurn n/ABSCn>

9010 DEFine FuNction FeCce): RETurn (f-32)

5/3

9012 DEFine FuNction CeF(C): RETurn C*9/5+3
2

9014 DEFine FuNction R10: RETurn RNDC1 10 1
Qo)

9016 DEFine FuNction R100: RETurn RND(1 TO
100)

9018 DEFine FuNction DICE: LOCal s.b: a=RND
(1 TO 6); beRNDC1 TO 6): RETurn a+b

9020 DEFine PROCedure LIST1154

goz2 LOCal _a,b,ns

goe+ CLS #2

3026 INPUT ” Program nama? “ns

g028 INPUT ™ Enter program start line ";a
9030 INPUT " Enter program end line “jb
9032 OPEN #3,ser1

9033 PRINT #3, CHRS(27) ; CHRSCB2) ; CHRSCBD
9034 PRINT #3,CHRS(27);CHRSC77) ;CHRSC11)
$036 PRINT #3, CHRS(27) ; CHRS(81); CHRSCS4)
S037 PRINT wa CHRSCET CHBSCTED 5 i CHRSCE)
9038
g040
042
S04 = PRINT #3, ARSE? CHRS C65) ; CHRECS>
9046 PRINT #3, CHRS(12)

g048 CLOSE #

S0SO END DEFine

9052 DEFine PROCedure wscr

90S4 WINDOW #0,508,40,4,216: WINDOW S0B,2
16,4,0: WINDOW #2,508,216,4,0

3085" PAPER O: INK 7: PAPER #2,0: INK #2,4
g058 =MODE 4

S060 CLS #0: CLS: CLS #2

8062 END DEFine

306% DEFine PROCedure DSCRe

S066 _WINDOW#O, 480,56,16,200: WINDOW#1, 180
+200, 320,0;: WINDOW#E, 235,200, 16,0

Now Available! “THE BEST OF SUM, PART II”

Over 60 pages of program listings, reviews, hard-
ware projects, hints and tips, and articles. Covers
TS-1000, TS-2068, and QL. All are reprints from
the last year of SUM plus a few that didn't make it
into print before now.

Articles include Building an EPROM Program-
mer, Sprites on the 2068, Adding RGB to 2068, QL
Word Processing, What's Available for TS- 1000,
and much more. Does overlap the “Special Issues”
advertised to the right

56.95 postpaid

The original “THE BEST OF SUM” is now in its
2nd printing, 112 pages of articles going all the
way back to the beginning of SUM — 3 years
worth!

$11.95 postpaid

QL Special Issue (12/85) — ‘3.95 postpaid:
TS-1000 Special Issue (5/86) -~ $3.95 postpaid.

Everything! $20.00 postpaid
FOOTE X&, SOFTWARE P.O. Box 14655 — Gainesville, FL 32604 904/462-1086 (6 pm - 9 pm EDT)

9068 PAPER#O,O: INK#O,7: CLS#O: PAPER O:
INK 7: CLS: PAPER#2,0: INK#2,7: CLSW2

070 MODE %

9072 END DEFine

807% DEFine PROCedure DSCR

$076 WINDOW#O,480,56,16,200: WINDOWH1, 480
200, 16,0: WINDOW2,480,200,16,0

$078" PAPERNO,O: INKWO,7: CLS#O: PAPER O:
INK 7: CLS: PAPERW2,O: INK#2,7: CLSW2

S080 MODE 4%

S082 END DEFine

SO6% DEFine PROCedure listdir

S085 CLS: OPEN #3,seri

sose OPEN_NEW #4, camS_MF2

soso PRINT #3, CHRSC27)&"R”&8CHRSC10)
gog2 PRINT #3, CHRS(2724"N"8CHRS(G)
SOS¢ PRINT #4, CHRS(27)&"N"&CHRS(E)
sos6 PRINT #3,CHRSC2728"M HRSC 10)
3098 = PRINT #4, CHRSC27)8°MN”BCHRS(10)
9100 INPUT "MDU Number? ”;kS

9102 PRINT “q to quit”

910% INPUT "MDU Name? ":£S

$105 IF FS-="q" THEN GO TO 9122
9108 PRINT #3, CHRS(27)8"E"

9110 PRINT #3,CHRS(14);FS: PRINT #3
9112 9 PRINT W4,CHRS(14);£S: PRINT #4
9114 DIR #3,"mdv" & ks B&B "_"

9116 DIR #4, “mdv" & ks & *_”

39118 PRINT #3

8120 PRINT #4: GO 10 S104

g12e CLOSE #3

9124 CLOSE #4

$126 END DEFine

9128 DEFine PROCedure reb

9130 GO TO 80

9132 END DEFine

9134 DEFine PROCedure LREB

9136 CLS: PRINT "Select mOv2 documents to
RAMS”

9138 COPY mdv2_,ramS_

8140 PRINT “More? ": IF INKEYSC-L)=="y":
Go To 9138

g142 GO TO 80

S144 END DEFine

9146 DEFine PROCedure cz

S148 CLS#O

9150 END DEFine

3152 DEFine PROCedure VAL

S154 LOCal y,f3

$156 FORMAT ram8_10

$158 CLS: PRINT “Input formulas? (z to

$160 CLEAR
9162 INPUT £3;
S164 IF fSe="z": END DEFine
9166 OPEN_NEW #4, rem@_work
9168 PRINT #4,"S174 y = “FS
9170 CLOSE #4

9172 MERGE ramB_work

$174 REMark working space
$176 DELETE ram8_work

9178 PRINT *
9180 GO TO S160
9182 END DEFine
918% DEFine PROCedure COPCn)
9185 WCOPY ramS_,"mdv"an&"_”
$188 DIR “mdv"ank”_”
9190 END DEFine
9192 DEFine FuNction root Cnumber,root?: RE
Turn number” (1/root>

919% DEFine FuNction fact(n?: IF nei: RETur
ni: ELSE RETurn n*fact(n-1)

9196 DEFine PROCedure sample

9198 LOCal ans

g200 CLS

$202 INPUT "Percent pro or for candidate

9204 be100-a: PRINT

3206 INPUT "Size of sample? "
208 ns%~1.96"SORTCa*b/n>
9210 PRINT

9212 PRINT “Sampling error is plus or min
us ";ans%;" percant Cat 95% confidence leve
13"\

9214 PRINT “Range pro or for candidate A
="5 "to "; atans%;" parcent"\\
9216 PRINT “Range con or for candidate B
="; beans%;" to "; beans%;” percent”"\\
9218 PRINT "NOTE: Non-sampling errors may
exceed the sampling error! ”\\

$220 PRINT "Expand ranges plus/minus 2-4%
for greater confidence Factor.”

S222 END DEFine

322% DEFine PROCedure OL2

$226 wide-254

8228 WINDOW 250,206,254,0: WINDOW #2, wide
,206,2,0: WINDOW #0, 2%wide,S0,254-wide, 208
$230 ‘PAPER O: INK 4: BORDER 1,7,0,3: PAPE
R 02,0: INK #2,7: BORDER #2,1,7,0,3: PAPER

#0,0: INK #0,4

3232 FOR F"0,1,2: CLS#F

9234 END DEFine

9236 DEFine PROCedure si
9238 DELETE
s240 SAVE “mdv"8drive®’

9242 DIR “ndv"&drives

8244 END DEFine

9246 DEFine PROCedure OLS

3248 WINDOW#O,512,50,0,206: INK#O,'t: PAPER
#0,0:WINDOW 256,205,257,0:PAPER 2: INK 7:BOR
DER 1, 25S: WINDOW#2, 256, 205,0,0: PAPER#2,7: IN
K#2, 0: BORDER#2,1, 255

s2s50 CLS#0:CLS:CLS#2

S252 END DEFine

Listing 2

1 REMark QtoRAM1 Loader

2 REMark Courtesy Barry Ashfield in QUANTA
4 RESTORE 1%

S start°RESPR(1024) : chacksum-0

5 FOR festart TO start+279

7 READ byte:POKE fF, bute

8 checksum=chacksum+byte

9 NEXT F

10 IF checksum<>21753: FRINT “error in date
11 DELETE mdvi_qtoram1

12 SEXEC mdvi_qtoram1,start,280,2S6

13 PRINT “QtoRANi saved ok": STOP

1% DATA 96,14,0,0,0,0,74,251,0,6

15 DATA @1,95, 114,97, 109,49, 112,11, 124,255
16 DATA 116,127, 78,65,65,250,0,208,112,1

17 DATA 114,255,118, 1,78,66, 74, 128, 103,4

18 DATA 86,0,0,172,73,250,0,216,40, 136

19 DATA 67,250,0,214, 112,71, 116,14, 118,255
20 DATA 78,67,7%,128,103,4,96,0,0,146

21 DATA 67,250,0, 194, 34,17, 112, 24,115,255
22 DATA 78,65, 74, 128, 103,4,96,0,0, 126

23 DATA 73,250,0, 166,40, 136,34, 72,118,255
24 DATA 32,122,0,160,112,72,75,250,0,158
25 DATA 36,21,78,67,74,128,103,4,95,0

26 DATA
27 DATA
28 DATA
29 DATA
30 DATA
31 DATA
32 DATA
33 DATA 0,24, 112,2,71
34 DATA 112,25,78,65,74,57
35 DATA 102,248, 96,12, 32,124
36 DATA S2,120,0,204,78, 146,114,255,112,5
37 DATA 116,0,78,65,0,10,103, 100,118, 45
38 DATA 95,113,117, 105,108, 108,0,10,114,97
39 DATA 109,49,95,113,117, 105,108, 108,0,0
40 DATA 0,0,0
41 DATA 0,0,0

Listing =

100 REMark QDTG Loeder

105 REMark Courtesy Derek Wilson in QUANTA
110 C-RESPR(100)

120 FOR i*0 TO 68 STEP 2

130 READ x: POKE_W 1+C,x

140 END FOR i

150 SEXEC mdv@_Q01G,C,100,2S6

1000 DATA 29433, 29697, 28683, 20033, 17402
1010 DATA 48, 13844, 200, 20115, 12040
1020 DATA 28691, 20033, i7402,74,-27698
1030 DATA 13944, 236,20115,6279,-11314
1040 DATA 13944, 208, 20115, 16961, 16962
1050 DATA 30463, 28686, 20035, 24794

1060 DATA 0,7,240,10,168,246

curry
computer

— SPECTRUM SOFTWARE —

DLAN

Rebel Star Raider
Make A Chip
Dynamite Dan
They Sold A Million
The Planets
Delta Wing
Chiller

ACE

Cauldron Il

NOW Games
Paper Boy

Xadom

Mined Out

Saboteur

Tasword Keyboard Overlay
ROM Switch

3D Strategy

2040 Paper for 3 rolls
Munchees

Pioneer Trail

Stock Market Calculator
Rocket Man

Carpooler
Backgammon

Hackers Handbook
Guide to the Hobbit

Beginners Guide to FORTH
Creat. Arcade Games/Spectrum
49 Explosive Games on the ZX81
Replicating Reality

Creat. Adventures on Spectrum
60 Programs for Spectrum

$14.95
$5.00
$5.95
$11.95
$18.95
$18.95
$9.95
$9.95
$17.95
$16.95
$16.95
$14.95

$6.00
$6.00
$15.95
$5.95
$45.00
$6.00

$6.95
$3.00
$3.00
$3.00
$3.00
$2.00
$2.00

$11.95
$6.95
$6.95
$5.95
$6.95
$12.95.
$7.95
$12.95

Zombie $14.95
Green Berets $15.95
Snowman $9.95
Great Space Race $12.95
Rambo $14.95
Quazatron $16.95
One Man And His Droid $9.95
Skyranger $12.95
Bombjack $14.95
Jack The Nipper $14.95
Max Headroom $16.95
Dynamite Dan II $14.95

And More-Write for Free Catalog!

— TIS 2068 SOFTWARE —

Bugaboo $6.00
Timegate $6.00
Fighter Pilot $15.95
Mscript Keyboard Overlay $5.95
ACZ General Ledger $24.95
Speed King Joystick $17.95

— TIS 1000 SOFTWARE —

Red Alert $3.00
Croaka-Crawler $3.00
TIS Destroyer $3.00
Alpha Vowels $3.00
2Xtricator $3.00
Kasino Kraps $2.00
The Gambler $2.00

— BOOKS AND MAGAZINES —

The Sinclair Story
Putting Your Spectum to Work

$12.95
$5.95

Mastering M.C. on the 2x81 $8.95
Delving Deeper/ Spectrum $7.95
Spectrum M.C. Made Easy I $10.95
Database Primer $10.95

Using a Modem WiYour Computer
101 Things to do W/Dead Compt

$12.95
$5.95

**** PACKAGE SPECIALS****
Buy 1 ROM Switch at Regular Price
and get 2 FREE Magazines OR 1
FREE Program of Our Choice.

Buy 3 of the $3 T/S 1000 SW for $8
Buy 3 of the $2 T/S 1000 S/W for $5
Buy 3 of the $6 T/S 2068 S/W FOR $15

Buy 3 of the $2 T/S 2068 S/W for $5

Spelling $2.00
States & Caps $2.00
Horace & The Spiders $2.00
Fun Golf $2.00
Stock Market Sim. $2.00

And More - Write for Free Catalog

3D Grand Prix $2.00
Vegas/Jeopardy $2.00
ZXDB (as is) $2.00
Graphic Golf $3.00
Forty Niner $3.00
Tarot $2.00

And More - Write for Free Catalog

Sinclair User $4.00
Computer & Video Games $4.00
Your Computer $4.00
QL World $4.00
3 mags shipped at one time 3/$10.95

(some back issues available.)

And More - Write for Free Catalog

* FREE S/H on all Software. Add .75 on Books if ordering alone - FREE S/H if ordering with Software.

* Add $1 S/H on ROM Switch, Speed King Joystick and on 2040 Paper Packs.

* All Software or Software/Book orders over $50 are shipped via UPS 2nd Day Air FREE (Cont. U.S. Only.)

* Please Write or Call for a FREE Catalog for Timex/Spectrum; QL or Atari ST Software, Hardware and Peripherials.
* Toll Free ORDER Line: 1-800-628-2828 Ext. 950 24 hrs. a day, 7 days a week.

* Call for Info on our “VIDEO CATALOG” of software.

P.O. Box 5607 ® Glendale, Arizona 85312-5607 @ 1-602-978-2902 @ Telex (via WUI): 6501267701
OFFICE: 2412 West Greenway e Suite B-10 @ Phoenix, Arizona

curry
computer

THE PC TALKER

An exciting new Hardware item for the QL. Plugs into the Ser2 port. Utilizing
some very special speech chips TALKER can say practically anything you type, and
the “voice” is very understandable.

Extremely easy to program using PRINT statement. A demo program is includ-
ed when you purchase TALKER.

TALKER is professionally housed in biack ABS plastic. It comes with a 90 day
warranty and includes its own power supply.

PC TALKER is $64.95 plus $2.95 s/h.

CONCEPT 3D

A completely interactive program. All functions and choices are called with
single key entry. All required information and prompts are displayed on screen when
required. We like to think of the program as a “3D Graphics Processor” since many
of the functions are much like those of a good word processor.

“The United States has small
part of the QL pie but, if quality
products such as Concept 3D
continue to come from the
country which owns Silicon
Valley, the American software
houses concerned should con-
gratulate themselves.”

Sinclair User
Oct. 1986

Cail our Toll Free ORDER Line to order either of these fine products.
1-800-628-2828 ext. 950 24 hrs. a day - 7 days a week. Or call1-602-978-2902
for more information on our catalog.

We know the QL...We’ve been appreciating it longer.

The Lost Pharaoh $24.95
Dragonhold $29.95
Othello $24.95
Mortville’s Manor $34.95
Presidents $14.95
Wanderer $34.95
- QL GRAPHICS -
GraphiQL $34.95
TenchniQL $69.95
Concept 3D $39.95
QL Pientre $29.95
Graphic Toolkit $29.95
Thompson Case notds 12 cans, $2.50

Avatex Modem 300/1200 $109.95
512K RAM Expansion CALL

Adv. Programming on the QL $12.95
Word Processing on the QL $12.95
Using GraphicsontheQL $12.95
Machine Code Prog. on the QL $12.95
Making the Most oftheQL $12.95

QL Games Master $12.95
Backgammon $24.95
Mortville’s Manor $34.95

- QL GAMES -
Baron Rouge $16.95
Vroom $24.95
Early Learning $24.95
Sqadrons $29.95
3D Slime $19.95
QL Chess $34.95

+ QL UTILITIES -
Screen DuMp epson compat) $15.95
Choice Cartridge (use wice) $22.95
1.C.E. ROM Cartridge $34.95
RAM Disk Software $24.95
QCode - Terminal SiW $29.95
Cartridge Doctor $23.95

- QL HARDWARE AND ACCESS. -

Talker - Speech Synthesizer $64.95
RS232 Cable $14.95
Modem Cable $15.95

+ QL BOOKS AND MAGAZINES -

Introduction to SuperBASIC $12.95
Desktop Computing on the QL $12.95
Profiting from the QL $12.95
Database Mgmt. ontheQL $12.95
Quantum Theory $11.95
QL Adventure Handbook $9.95

- FOR BRITISH QLs ONLY -

$24.95
$24.95

Early Learning
CAD Pak

curry
computer

Karate $24.95
Hyperdrive $19.95
Flight Simulator $29.95
BJ in 3D Land $19.95
Bounder $24.95
Knight Flight $24.95

- MISC. PROGRAMS -

QSpell $29.95
Assembler Workbench $39.95
QL Mail Merge $24.95
Nucleon $34.95
Superchecking $14.95
Cosmos $24.95
Monochrome Cable $14.95
RGB Cable $16.95
Cumana Disk I/F CALL
QL Computing $9.95
QL SuperBASIC $11.95
QL Report per Year... $15.00
QL World $4.00
Sinclair User $4.00
Your Computer $4.00
Flight Navigation $24.95
Joystick Adapter $14.95

FREE Shipping on all Software. Add .75 per Book if ordering alone - FREE S/H if ordering with Software
Add $2.95 for Modem and Talker; $1 for Cables.

All Software of Software/Book orders over $50 are shipped via UPS 2nd Day Air FREE (Cont. U.S. Only)

Please Write or Call fora FREE Catalog for QL; Timex/Spectrum or Atari Software, Hardware and Peripherals.

Toll Free ORDER Line: 1-800-628-2828 ext. 950 24 hrs a day - 7 days a week.

P.O. Box 5607 @ Glendale, Arizona 85312-5607 @ 1-602-978-2902 @ Telex (via WUI): 6501267701

OFFICE: 2412 West Greenway e Suite B-10 @ Phoenix, Arizona

Hooley

FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS

HOW WILL TAX REFORM AFFECT YOU?
Calculate 87, 88, 89 tax. Use
current or future data. Include
itemizing, not business. 2068
tape. $5 ppd. Max Schoenfeld,
2612 Princeton, Cleveland, OH

MONEY MACHINE II starring BANNA
BRITE! All new format. Banna turns
the letters. The Ultimate Word
Game for TS 2068 from ABBA SOFT.
$12.00 postpaid. Herb Bowers, 2588
Woodshire Circle, Chesapeake, VA
23323.

WANTEI INTERCOMPUTER QSAVE fast
loading system for TS 1000. Also
any TS 1000 hardware working or
not. Want to swap software? Send
me your list. Dan Elliott, Rt 1,
Box 117, Cabool, MO 65689.

FOR SALE: RAMEX MILLENIA K DDI.
Retail- $200.00 - call with offer.
Also, Tasman C CPI - retail $70 -
call with best offer. Bill Nemitz
412 W. Golf Ave., Ottumwa, Iowa
52501. (515) 683-1367.

WANTED: HUNTER BOARD and/or other
TS 100 "what have you's". Contact:
Fred Henn, c/o Rockelman & Henn
Pump Co., Inc., 1333 Military Rd.,
Buffalo, NY 14217.

CLOSEOUT!!! TS 1000 SOFTWARE from
just 99¢. Box 2382, La Jolla, CA

2068 SOFTWARE: Send S.A.S.E. for
FREE CATALOG to: TIMEWARE, INC.,
1907 1/2 W. Genesee St., Syracuse,
NY 13204.

POR SALE: QL, Sinclair Monitor and
Printer. Memory boards, software,
new blank cartridges, various QL
books, QL technical manual, spare
power supplies, ect. Call for
prices and details. (603) 847-3448.

FOR SALE: SEIKOSHA SP-1000A NLO
Dot Matrix Printer. 2 Months old.
$130 ppd. UPS. Jerry McKouen,
2580 Lanier Dr., Lansing, MI
48911.

FOR SALE: TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000
Computer in METAL SLOPING CABINET,
with keyboard, power switch,
Westridge Modem, Aerco Centronics
Parallel Interface, Memotech 64k
RAM, RS cassette recorder, large
library of software including:
QSAVE, Extended Basic, Sincartist,
Memotext WP, Games. Available as
complete package or by piece. If
interested, please contact:
Richard Beier, 1 Darwin Dr., N.
Merrick, NY 11566. Leave EMAIL on
CompuServe U.I.D. #73137, 1565.
SINCUS NEWS- $8/year= 6 issues.
Heavy on 2068 help, hints and
programs: Mail check to SINCUS,
1229 Rhodes Rd., Johnson City, NY
13790- a non profit, all volunteer
user group for 1000/2068 users.

NEW BOOK 1000/2068 of 20 (mostly)
Basic program listings and ex-
planations: Grocerylist, Edit-
Writer (wordprocessor), Treasure-
tract (accounting), Danceshoes,
Minutes, Songs (sing-a-long),
Studygame, Barg (graph-maker) and
more. Start where I left off!
Send $25 Canadian to: BLUE VIOLET
PUBLISHING Inc., 1452 Kingsdale,
Gloucester, Ont., K1T-1G9 Canada,
for a copy.

SOFTWARE FOR THE TS 2068. Send
SASE for FREE CATALOG & price list
to: E. Ray Rash, 2424 SW 78th St.,
Oklahoma City, OK 73159

Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an
ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in each issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040
paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional lines - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line.
DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to:

‘TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017.

NEW PRODUCTS
For TS2068 and SPECTRUM

VERSION 1.1
* Pull-Down Menus * Auto-Speed Control * Includes Spectrum & TS2068 Versions
* Several Brushes * Magnify & Reduce * Supports Microdrives and Kempston
* Spray © Rotate & Mirror Joystick
* Auto-Fill © Full Attribute Control © Includes GALLERY, the slide
* Zoom © Fully Elastic Shapes including Circle, _ show/animator
+ Undo Box, Triangle, Ray and Line * 5 Samples of Artwork
© Several Text Fonts ‘© Fast Ellipse and Arc © Excellent Manual

* Cut & Paste Windows

ARTWORKX!!
ARTWORX V1.1 - $19.95 U.S. plus $3.00 S & H

Unshackle your creativity with

REVOLUTIONARY NEW BASIC COMPILER...

The dream of every BASIC programmer has now been realized!

* TIMACHINE will turn your BASIC * Handles all BASIC except 1/0
into super-fast machine code, * Includes an excellent manual and
running up to 200 times faster! 4 demonstration programs

* Handles floating point operations * Compiles up to 27K in seconds
like SIN, COS, TAN * Includes Spectrum & 2068 versions

Super-Charge your BASIC programs with... TIMACHINE!

TIMACHINE — $19.95 U.S. Plus $3.00 S & H

Cee) | ny peare

wells

A unique combination of pianning aids, decision toois, and utilities,
* Schedule/Planner jiorhythms,
+ Notepad * Perpetual Calendar
* Telephone Book + Intemational Time Zones
* Programmable Calculator * Superb Manual
* Decision Factoring * Includes Spectrum & TS2068
* Real Time Clock Versions

* Supports Microdiives

A TIMELY ADDITION TO YOUR SOFTWARE LIBRARY... THE WORX!

~~ $19.95 U.S, Plus $3.00 $ & H

Novelsoft

A FORMAT FOR THE FUTURE

106 Seventh Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8V 3B4 * TEL. (416)259-8682 * CompuServe 70416, 1435

WEYMIL presents...

A small collection of truly innovative products for Sinclair computers

THRUST TS1000

‘True hi-res graphics for the TS 1000. THRUST is two
ieat programs on ove tape. Sine Amit 1.3 ithe mos
user friendly software ever developed for

graphics. Completely curvor and menu driven, For
Hunter Board users, there's Sinc-Artist HR which pro-
duces fantastic screen graphics. THRUST is both the
most sophisticated and easiest to use hi-res graphics
software ever developed for the TS 1000. If you are
ready for no-nonsense, hassle free graphics, then
‘THRUST is @ “‘cvust have,”

THRUST for the TS 1000 only $20.00

ARTWORX V1.1 TS 2068

England's finest graphics package! ARTWORX V1.1
establishes a new standard for color graphics with
features never before available on small systems. Auto
speed control, pull down menus, unique cut and past
windows, ZOOMI!, elastic shapes, multiple fonts,
CENTRONICS I/F capability for full-size print-outs,
and more, Ail this plus an absolutely uncluttered
screen for full creativity. Easy to use. The joystick
controls EVERYHTING except text entry. The highly
supportive well-written documentation is almost un-
nessesary.

ARTWORX V1.1 for the TS2068 only $19.95

PIXEL SKETCH AND GRAPHICS
EDITOR V2.0 TS 2068

This program by Stan Lemke still remains the finest
graphic program produced in the United States and
‘one of the best in the world for the TS 2068. It has had
excellent'user group reviews and is a map to use. Weil
written, ste CL pd toegreigcecee ll pega rel
fortlessly toa loading © producing you own
“‘masterplece."” Great pixel and text acetal conte
PIXEL SKETCH AND GRAPHICS EDITOR V2.0
only $19.95

KRUNCHER TS 2068 / TS 1000

From the Pacific Northwest comes one of the most ex-
citing utilites ever written. KRUNCHER takes any
BASIC program for the TS 2068 or TS 1000 and in-
mantly 2A eine aim rant come gece ape“

thereby donserving precios memory. Imagoe al of
years it Oon poagitan wey pocorn Ponsa

and takes up less than 190 bytes! Simply load KRUN-
CHER, locate ht where you want i, load or write your
BASIC progrm, invoke KRUNCHER, blink your eye
and {i's done. Memory savings average 20-40% , Great
Jearning aid for programmers of all levels.

KRUNCHER for TS1000 or TS2068 only $10.00
{Please specify TS1000 or TS2068)

TIME MACHINE TS

‘The first SERIOUS COMPILER for the TS2068. Now
you can convert BASIC programs i super fast
MACHINE CODE without a lot of hassle. Converts

up to 27K of BASIC. Programs can be either written
or loaded from tape. You've wainted @ long time for
this one and here it is!

TIME MACHINE for the TS2068 only $19.95

RIGTER JOYSTICK INTERFACE TS 1000
‘This is a software programmable Atari-type joystick
interface. it can handle up to 16 different directions or
commands easily, It has it's own self-contained
memory so that it's software occupies no system ram,
‘The software allows you to configure your joystick to
ANY TS1000 game or graphic software (THRUST,
for example) and it's ready to go. Rear expansion bus
allows other peripherals and the interface is completely
transparent.

RIGTER JOYSTICK INTERFACE for TS 1000
only $39.95

MINI XMOD TS 1000

Use your TS1000 and Westridge modem to
up/download TS1000 software to any XMODEM BBS:
‘and see them run. Supports Memotech Centronics I/F
and others for print-outs to full size printers. Standard
RAM and Hunter Board versions

tuded om same
tape.
MINI XMOD for the TS 1000 only $20.00
LOADER V TS 2068

‘Thi program tums MTERM Into a REAL com-
munications program. Here’s what you get. Auto-
repeat dialing, extra 20 number dialing directory, full
TASWORD II and MSCRIPT text file handling
capability, disk drive and Wafer drive compatible,
multiple loading of Mterm’s buffer while on line, and
full XMODEM capability, This program is the COM-
PLETE LOADER SERIES.

LOADER V for TS 2068 only $10.00

CLONE TS 2068
A sophisticated program which allows ihe user to

make back-up copies of ANY TS2068 or SPECTRUM _

software for theit own use. Requires no fancy filters or
extra tape recorders. Easy to follow instructions make
it simple to protect your valuable originals.

CLONE for the TS2068 only $10.00

SPECIAL OFFER!!!

Save $5.00 when you order the combination of THRUST, RIGTER JOYSTICK INTERFACE, and KRUNCHER 1000
you pay only $64.95

SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS Please enclose $2.00 shipping and handling with your order.

WEYMIL CORPORATION

BOX 5904 |
BELLINGHAM, WA 982275904

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